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In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities. [1] [2] It is typically a number between 0 and 2, rounded to ...
Aberration (astronomy) A diagram showing how the apparent position of a star viewed from the Earth can change depending on the Earth's velocity. The effect is typically much smaller than illustrated. In astronomy, aberration (also referred to as astronomical aberration, stellar aberration, or velocity aberration) is a phenomenon where celestial ...
Euler's formula, named after Leonhard Euler, is a mathematical formula in complex analysis that establishes the fundamental relationship between the trigonometric functions and the complex exponential function. Euler's formula states that, for any real number x, one has. where e is the base of the natural logarithm, i is the imaginary unit, and ...
The formula is entered first, and requires operator precedence — multiplications and divisions precede additions and subtractions. A formula calculator is a software calculator that can perform a calculation in two steps: Enter the calculation by typing it in from the keyboard. Press a single button or key to see the final result.
The prism is named for its inventors, the French instrument maker Ph. Pellin and professor of physiological optics André Broca. [1] The prism consists of a four-sided block of glass shaped as a right prism with 90°, 75°, 135°, and 60° angles on the end faces. Light enters the prism through face AB, undergoes total internal reflection from ...
The force of gravity and the normal force. The resultant force acts as the required centripetal force. The mathematical derivation for the Eötvös effect for motion along the Equator explains the factor 2 in the first term of the Eötvös correction formula. What remains to be explained is the cosine factor.
A prism compressor is an optical device used to shorten the duration of a positively chirped ultrashort laser pulse by giving different wavelength components a different time delay. It typically consists of two prisms and a mirror. Figure 1 shows the construction of such a compressor. Although the dispersion of the prism material causes ...
K correction. K correction converts measurements of astronomical objects into their respective rest frames. The correction acts on that object's observed magnitude (or equivalently, its flux ). Because astronomical observations often measure through a single filter or bandpass, observers only measure a fraction of the total spectrum, redshifted ...