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Tyrian purple may first have been used by the ancient Phoenicians as early as 1570 BC. [3] [4] It has been suggested that the name Phoenicia itself means 'land of purple'. [5] [6] The dye was greatly prized in antiquity because the colour did not easily fade, but instead became brighter with weathering and sunlight.
The modern English word purple comes from the Old English purpul, which derives from Latin purpura, which, in turn, derives from the Greek πορφύρα ( porphura ), [6] the name of the Tyrian purple dye manufactured in classical antiquity from a mucus secreted by the spiny dye-murex snail.
In Malaysia and Laos, a red to purple dye is produced from the root of the Indian mulberry ( Morinda tinctoria ). In the Philippines, red dye was obtained from noni ( Morinda citrifolia) roots, sapang (sappanwood), katuray ( Sesbania grandiflora ), and narra wood ( Pterocarpus spp.), among other plants.
Shades of purple. There are numerous variations of the color purple, a sampling of which is shown below. In common English usage, purple is a range of hues of color occurring between red and blue. [1] However, the meaning of the term purple is not well defined. There is confusion about the meaning of the terms purple and violet even among ...
In common usage, both terms are used to refer to a variety of colors between blue and red in hue. [7] [8] [9] Violet has a long history of association with royalty, originally because Tyrian purple dye was extremely expensive in antiquity. [10] The emperors of Rome wore purple togas, as did the Byzantine emperors.
Many Asian countries, such as India, China, Japan, and Southeast Asian nations have used indigo as a dye (particularly for silk) for centuries. The dye was also known to ancient civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, Britain, Mesoamerica, Peru, Iran, and West Africa.
Han purple and Han blue (also called Chinese purple and Chinese blue) are synthetic barium copper silicate pigments developed in China and used in ancient and imperial China from the Western Zhou period (1045–771 BC) until the end of the Han dynasty ( circa 220 AD).
Lydia was most likely from Greek background, since originating from Thyatira, Asia Minor, but probably romanized one, while she lived in a Roman settlement. [3] She was evidently a well-to-do agent of a purple-dye firm in Thyatira, a city southeast of Pergamum and approximately 40 miles (64 km) inland, across the Aegean Sea from Athens.
In 1863 the forerunner to Bayer AG was formed in what became Wuppertal, Germany. In 1891, Paul Ehrlich discovered that certain cells or organisms took up certain dyes selectively. He then reasoned that a sufficiently large dose could be injected to kill pathogenic microorganisms, if the dye did not affect other cells.
However, Mesopotamian mythology asserted that visible sky is a layer of lapis lazuli stone underlying Heaven, suggesting a sky-blue color for the stone. [36] The Sifrei says that counterfeit tekhelet was made from both " [red] dye and indigo", indicating that the overall color was purple. [37]