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On projectional radiography, the degree of varus or valgus deformity can be quantified by the hip-knee-ankle angle, [7] which is an angle between the femoral mechanical axis and the center of the ankle joint. [8] It is normally between 1.0° and 1.5° of varus in adults. [9] Normal ranges are different in children. [10]
Caudal regression syndrome, or sacral agenesis (or hypoplasia of the sacrum), is a rare birth defect.It is a congenital disorder in which the fetal development of the lower spine—the caudal partition of the spine—is abnormal. [1]
A pre-operative image of a 22-year-old male with a very extreme case of Scheuermann's disease. Scheuermann's disease is a self-limiting skeletal disorder of childhood. . Scheuermann's disease describes a condition where the vertebrae grow unevenly with respect to the sagittal plane; that is, the posterior angle is often greater than the
Osteopetrosis, literally ' stone bone ', also known as marble bone disease or Albers-Schönberg disease, is an extremely rare inherited disorder whereby the bones harden, becoming denser, in contrast to more prevalent conditions like osteoporosis, in which the bones become less dense and more brittle, or osteomalacia, in which the bones soften.
Pes cavus is a multiplanar foot deformity characterised by an abnormally high medial longitudinal arch. Pes cavus commonly features a varus (inverted) hindfoot, a plantarflexed position of the first metatarsal, an adducted forefoot, and dorsal contracture of the toes.
With hip osteoarthritis, in particular, increased risk of development over time was found among those who work in bent or twisted positions. [8] For knee osteoarthritis, in particular, increased risk was found among those who work in a kneeling or squatting position , experience heavy lifting in combination with a kneeling or squatting posture ...
Shortening, varus deformity, valgus deformity, and rotational malunion all occur often because the fracture may be unstable and collapse before it heals. This may not be as much of a concern in patients with limited independence and mobility. [citation needed] Hip fractures rarely result in neurological or vascular injury. [citation needed]
Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by sacralization of the lowest lumbar vertebral body and lumbarization of the uppermost sacral segment. It involves a total or partial unilateral or bilateral fusion of the transverse process of the lowest lumbar vertebra to the sacrum, leading to the formation of a transitional 5th lumbar vertebra.