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The Maddox rod test is a subjective method to measure horizontal and vertical deviations of the eyes, using a red line and a white light. The double Maddox rod test can also assess torsion and cyclotropias, by comparing the angles of two red lines.
Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
Maddox wing is an instrument for measuring strabismus (eye misalignment) by dissociating the eyes with septa and arrows. Learn about its indications, equipment, method, interpretation, advantages, disadvantages and considerations.
A cover test is an objective determination of the presence and amount of ocular deviation, such as strabismus or phoria. It involves covering and uncovering one eye while observing the movement of the other eye with a fixation target at different distances.
A dioptre (or diopter) is a measure of how much a lens or mirror bends light, equal to the reciprocal of its focal length in metres. It is also used to describe the curvature of a surface, the magnifying power of a lens, and the vision correction needed by some people.
Exophoria is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward, usually mild and with fusion possible. It can be caused by refractive errors, divergence excess, or convergence insufficiency, and is common in infancy and childhood.
Anisometropia is a condition in which a person's eyes have substantially differing refractive power, such as one eye being nearsighted and the other farsighted. It can cause vision problems, amblyopia, or aniseikonia, and may require spectacles, contact lenses, or refractive surgery to correct.
The Worth 4 dot test is a clinical test for assessing binocular vision and eye alignment. It involves wearing red-green goggles and seeing four lights in a diamond formation, which can indicate normal or abnormal fusion, suppression, or diplopia.