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clean·er fish
/ˈklēnər fiSH/noun
- 1. a small fish, especially a striped wrasse, that is permitted to remove parasites from the skin, gills, and mouth of larger fishes, to their mutual benefit.
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Cleaner fish are fish that show a specialist feeding strategy [1] by providing a service to other species, referred to as clients, [2] by removing dead skin, ectoparasites, and infected tissue from the surface or gill chambers. [2]
The best known cleaning symbioses are among marine fishes, where several species of small fish, notably of wrasse, are specialised in colour, pattern and behaviour as cleaners, providing a cleaning and ectoparasite removal service to larger, often predatory fish. [26]
The Hawaiian cleaner wrasse or golden cleaner wrasse ( Labroides phthirophagus ), is a species of wrasse ( genus Labroides) found in the waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. The fish is endemic to Hawaii. These cleaner fish inhabit coral reefs, setting up a territory referred to as a cleaning station.
Cleaner wrasses are the best-known of the cleaner fish. They live in a cleaning symbiosis with larger, often predatory, fish, grooming them and benefiting by consuming what they remove.
The bluestreak cleaner wrasse ( Labroides dimidiatus) is one of several species of cleaner wrasses found on coral reefs from Eastern Africa and the Red Sea to French Polynesia.
Smaller remoras also fasten onto fish such as tuna and swordfish, and some of the smallest remoras travel in the mouths or gills of large manta rays, ocean sunfish, swordfish and sailfish .
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