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A Luneburg lens (original German Lüneburg lens) is a spherically symmetric gradient-index lens. A typical Luneburg lens's refractive index n decreases radially from the center to the outer surface. They can be made for use with electromagnetic radiation from visible light to radio waves . For certain index profiles, the lens will form perfect ...
In order to determine the power of intraocular lens, several values need to be known: Eye's axial length (AL) Corneal power (K) Postoperative IOL position within the eye known as estimated lens position (ELP) The anterior chamber constant: A-constant or another lens related constant
The numerical aperture with respect to a point P depends on the half-angle, θ1, of the maximum cone of light that can enter or exit the lens and the ambient index of refraction. As a pencil of light goes through a flat plane of glass, its half-angle changes to θ2. Due to Snell's law, the numerical aperture remains the same: NA = n1 sin θ1 ...
Focal length. The focal point F and focal length f of a positive (convex) lens, a negative (concave) lens, a concave mirror, and a convex mirror. The focal length of an optical system is a measure of how strongly the system converges or diverges light; it is the inverse of the system's optical power. A positive focal length indicates that a ...
Spherical aberration of collimated light incident on a concave spherical mirror. In optics, spherical aberration ( SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of ...
The VISCA Protocol is used on LectureSight, Avaya Scopia, Angekis, Atlona HDVS series cameras, Polycom and Cisco / Tandberg video conferencing systems. Sony and Canon use VISCA for CCTV cameras. Blackmagic Design ATEM switchers that have RS-422 port and controlled by either ATEM 1M/E or ATEM 2M/E control panels are capable of controlling VISCA ...
Cardinal point (optics) In Gaussian optics, the cardinal points consist of three pairs of points located on the optical axis of a rotationally symmetric, focal, optical system. These are the focal points, the principal points, and the nodal points; there are two of each. [1] For ideal systems, the basic imaging properties such as image size ...
Here we assumed the lens is a collection of point masses at angular coordinates and distances =. Use sinh − 1 1 / x = ln ( 1 / x + 1 / x 2 + 1 ) ≈ − ln ( x / 2 ) {\displaystyle \sinh ^{-1}1/x=\ln(1/x+{\sqrt {1/x^{2}+1}})\approx -\ln(x/2)} for very small x we find
Jacobson's inferred circle of confusion diameter, using , was about 0.025 mm. In photographic optics, the Zeiss formula is a supposed formula for computing a circle of confusion (CoC) criterion for depth of field (DoF) calculations. The formula is , where is the diagonal measure of a camera format, film, sensor, or print, and the maximum ...
The spatial cutoff frequency for a perfectly corrected incoherent optical system is given by. [1] where is the wavelength expressed in millimeters and F# is the lens' focal ratio. As an example, a telescope having an f/6 objective and imaging at 0.55 micrometers has a spatial cutoff frequency of 303 cycles/millimeter.