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A flower, also known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae ). Flowers consist of a combination of vegetative organs – sepals that enclose and protect the developing flower, petals that attract pollinators, and reproductive organs that produce gametophytes, which in ...
Gynoecium (/ ɡ aɪ ˈ n iː s i. ə m, dʒ ɪ ˈ n iː ʃ i. ə m /; from Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, female', and οἶκος (oîkos) 'house'; pl.: gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.
Carpels may be called the "female" parts of a flower and collectively form the gynoecium. Each carpel in Ranunculus species is an achene that produces one ovule, [4] which when fertilized becomes a seed. If the carpel contains more than one seed, as in Eranthis hyemalis, it is called a follicle.
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule (s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals .
Location of ovules inside a Helleborus foetidus flower. In seed plants, the ovule is the structure that gives rise to and contains the female reproductive cells. It consists of three parts: the integument, forming its outer layer, the nucellus (or remnant of the megasporangium), and the female gametophyte (formed from a haploid megaspore) in
Most flowers are hermaphroditic, producing both pollen and ovules in the same flower, but some use other devices to reduce self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have carpels and stamens of differing lengths, so animal pollinators cannot easily transfer pollen between them.
The stigma (pl.: stigmas or stigmata) is the receptive tip of a carpel, or of several fused carpels, in the gynoecium of a flower. Description [ edit ] Stigma of a Tulipa species, with pollen Closeup of stigma surrounded by stamens of Lilium 'Stargazer')
A flower with a functional pistil but no functional stamens is called a pistillate flower, or (inaccurately) a female flower. [15] An abortive or rudimentary stamen is called a staminodium or staminode, such as in Scrophularia nodosa . The carpels and stamens of orchids are fused into a column. [16]
This process involves the joining of a female gametophyte (megagametophyte, also called the embryo sac) with two male gametes (sperm). It begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the carpel, the female reproductive structure of a flower.
The female gametophyte of angiosperms develops in the ovule (located inside the female or hermaphrodite flower). Its precursor is a diploid megaspore that undergoes meiosis which produces four haploid daughter cells.