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Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
Introduction to the concept. Quantum tunnelling falls under the domain of quantum mechanics. To understand the phenomenon, particles attempting to travel across a potential barrier can be compared to a ball trying to roll over a hill. Quantum mechanics and classical mechanics differ in their treatment of this scenario.
Using the Euler–Lagrange equation for the field, ∂ ν ( ∂ L ∂ ( ∂ ν A μ ) ) − ∂ L ∂ A μ = 0 , {\displaystyle \partial _{ u }\left({\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial (\partial _{ u }A_{\mu })}}\right)-{\frac {\partial {\mathcal {L}}}{\partial A_{\mu }}}=0,}
A dioptre ( British spelling) or diopter ( American spelling ), symbol dpt, is a unit of measurement with dimension of reciprocal length, equivalent to one reciprocal metre, 1 dpt = 1 m−1. It is normally used to express the optical power of a lens or curved mirror, which is a physical quantity equal to the reciprocal of the focal length ...
Planck–Einstein equation and de Broglie wavelength relations. P = ( E/c, p) is the four-momentum, K = (ω/ c, k) is the four-wavevector, E = energy of particle. ω = 2π f is the angular frequency and frequency of the particle. ħ = h /2π are the Planck constants. c = speed of light. Schrödinger equation.
Lorentz transformation. The following notations are used very often in special relativity: Lorentz factor. where and v is the relative velocity between two inertial frames . For two frames at rest, γ = 1, and increases with relative velocity between the two inertial frames. As the relative velocity approaches the speed of light, γ → ∞.
Relativistic corrections (Dirac) to the energy levels of a hydrogen atom from Bohr's model. The fine structure correction predicts that the Lyman-alpha line (emitted in a transition from n = 2 to n = 1) must split into a doublet. The total effect can also be obtained by using the Dirac equation.
The formula for vertex correction is = (), where F c is the power corrected for vertex distance, F is the original lens power, and x is the change in vertex distance in meters.
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; List of equations in wave theory; List of relativistic equations; Sources. P.M. Whelan; M.J. Hodgeson (1978). Essential Principles of Physics (2nd ed.). John Murray. ISBN 0-7195-3382-1. G. Woan (2010). The Cambridge Handbook of Physics Formulas. Cambridge ...
In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, the fission barrier is the activation energy required for a nucleus of an atom to undergo fission. This barrier may also be defined as the minimum amount of energy required to deform the nucleus to the point where it is irretrievably committed to the fission process. The energy to overcome this barrier ...