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Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES) and rustless steel, is an alloy of iron that is resistant to rusting and corrosion. It contains iron with chromium and other elements such as molybdenum , carbon , nickel and nitrogen depending on its specific use and cost.
Austenitic stainless steel is one of the five classes of stainless steel by crystalline structure (along with ferritic, martensitic, duplex and precipitation hardened). Its primary crystalline structure is austenite ( face-centered cubic ) and it prevents steels from being hardenable by heat treatment and makes them essentially non-magnetic. [2]
SAE 316 stainless steel is a molybdenum - alloyed steel and the second most common austenitic stainless steel (after grade 304 ). It is the preferred steel for use in marine environments because of its greater resistance to pitting corrosion than most other grades of steel without molybdenum. [1]
SAE 304 stainless steel is the most common stainless steel. It is an alloy of iron, carbon, chromium and nickel. It is an austenitic stainless steel, and is therefore not magnetic. It is less electrically and thermally conductive than carbon steel.
Martensitic stainless steel is a type of stainless steel alloy that has a martensite crystal structure. It can be hardened and tempered through aging and heat treatment. [1] [2] [3] [4] The other main types of stainless steel are austenitic, ferritic, duplex, and precipitation hardened. [5]
Surgical stainless steel is a grade of stainless steel used in biomedical applications. The most common "surgical steels" are austenitic SAE 316 stainless and martensitic SAE 440, SAE 420, and 17-4 stainless steels.
Ferritic stainless steel. Ferritic stainless steel (SUS445J2) is used for the roof exterior of the Kyocera Dome Osaka, Japan. [1] Ferritic stainless steel [2] [3] forms one of the five stainless steel families, the other four being austenitic, martensitic, duplex stainless steels, and precipitation hardened. [4]
Precipitation hardening, also called age hardening or particle hardening, is a heat treatment technique used to increase the yield strength of malleable materials, including most structural alloys of aluminium, magnesium, nickel, titanium, and some steels, stainless steels, and duplex stainless steel. In superalloys, it is known to cause yield ...
Water. Stainless steels have a long history of application in contact with water [13] due to their excellent corrosion resistance. Applications include a range of conditions including plumbing, [14] potable water [15] and wastewater treatment, [16] desalination, and brine treatment.
Ultimate tensile strength (also called UTS, tensile strength, TS, ultimate strength or in notation) [1] is the maximum stress that a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before breaking. In brittle materials, the ultimate tensile strength is close to the yield point, whereas in ductile materials, the ultimate tensile strength ...