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Nephrology (from Greek nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty for both adult internal medicine and pediatric medicine that concerns the study of the kidneys, specifically normal kidney function ( renal physiology) and kidney disease (renal pathophysiology), the preservation of kidney health, and the ...
Urology combines the management of medical (i.e., non-surgical) conditions, such as urinary-tract infections and benign prostatic hyperplasia, with the management of surgical conditions such as bladder or prostate cancer, kidney stones, congenital abnormalities, traumatic injury, and stress incontinence.
Kidney diseases are normally investigated and treated by nephrologists, while the specialty of urology deals with problems in the other organs. Gynecologists may deal with problems of incontinence in women.
Uremia, death. Kidney disease, or renal disease, technically referred to as nephropathy, is damage to or disease of a kidney. Nephritis is an inflammatory kidney disease and has several types according to the location of the inflammation. Inflammation can be diagnosed by blood tests.
Urologic disease can involve congenital or acquired dysfunction of the urinary system. As an example, urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease that can cause urinary retention . Diseases of the kidney tissue are normally treated by nephrologists, while diseases of the urinary tract are treated by urologists.
Oncology. Renal cell carcinoma ( RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. [1]
Nephrology, Urology. Acute kidney injury ( AKI ), previously called acute renal failure ( ARF ), [1] [2] is a sudden decrease in kidney function that develops within 7 days, [3] as shown by an increase in serum creatinine or a decrease in urine output, or both. [4]
Specialty. Urology. Lower urinary tract symptoms ( LUTS) refer to a group of clinical symptoms involving the bladder, urinary sphincter, urethra and, in men, the prostate. The term is more commonly applied to men [1] – over 40% of older men are affected [2] [3] [4] [5] – but lower urinary tract symptoms also affect women. [6]
Urology, nephrology Hydronephrosis describes hydrostatic dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces as a result of obstruction to urine flow downstream. Alternatively, hydroureter describes the dilation of the ureter , and hydronephroureter describes the dilation of the entire upper urinary tract (both the renal pelvicalyceal system and the ureter).
A nephrostomy or percutaneous nephrostomy is an artificial opening created between the kidney and the skin which allows for the urinary diversion directly from the upper part of the urinary system (renal pelvis). It is an interventional radiology/surgical procedure in which the renal pelvis is punctured whilst using imaging as guidance.