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  2. Urdu literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urdu_literature

    Urdu literature originated sometime around the 14th century in present-day North India among the sophisticated gentry of the courts. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the thirteenth century, wrote and gave shape to the Rekhta dialect (The Persianized combination of Hindavi), which was the early form of Modern Standard Urdu.

  3. War crimes in the Syrian civil war - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Syrian...

    t. e. War crimes in the Syrian civil war have been numerous and serious. A United Nations report published in August 2014 stated that "the conduct of the warring parties in the Syrian Arab Republic has caused civilians immeasurable suffering". [1] Another UN report released in 2015 stated that the war has been "characterized by a complete lack ...

  4. War crime - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime

    A war crime is a violation of the laws of war that gives rise to individual criminal responsibility for actions by combatants in action, such as intentionally killing civilians or intentionally killing prisoners of war, torture, taking hostages, unnecessarily destroying civilian property, deception by perfidy, wartime sexual violence, pillaging, and for any individual that is part of the ...

  5. Razakars (Pakistan) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razakars_(Pakistan)

    The Razakar ( Urdu: رضا کار, literally "volunteer"; Bengali: রাজাকার) was an East Pakistani paramilitary force organised by General Tikka Khan in then East Pakistan, now called Bangladesh, during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The force committed war crimes during the war including massacring civilians, looting, and ...

  6. Bangladesh genocide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_genocide

    A case was filed in the Federal Court of Australia on 20 September 2006 for alleged crimes of genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity during 1971 by the Pakistani Armed Forces and its collaborators. Raymond Solaiman & Associates, acting for the plaintiff Mr. Solaiman, released a press statement which among other things said:

  7. Tipu Sultan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipu_Sultan

    Fourth Anglo-Mysore War. Siege of Seringapatam (1799) Siege of Bahadur Benda. Tipu Sultan ( Sultan Fateh Ali Sahab Tipu; 1 December 1751 – 4 May 1799), commonly referred to as Sher-e-Mysore or "Tiger of Mysore", [2] [3] was the Indian Muslim ruler of the Kingdom of Mysore based in South India. [4] He was a pioneer of rocket artillery.

  8. Genocide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide

    Genocide is the intentional destruction of a people [a] in whole or in part . In 1948, the United Nations Genocide Convention defined genocide as any of five "acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group". These five acts were: killing members of the group, causing them serious ...

  9. Violence in literature - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_in_literature

    War tales that employ similar violence, however, try to achieve a goal beyond the evoking of excitement. By describing unspeakable war crimes, authors depict the suffering felt by innocent people whose pleas go unheard. It is a means to compel empathy in readers for those affected by the psychological and physical agonies of armed conflict.