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In geometry, a prism is a polyhedron comprising an n-sided polygon base, a second base which is a translated copy (rigidly moved without rotation) of the first, and n other faces, necessarily all parallelograms, joining corresponding sides of the two bases.
A polarizer or polariser is an optical filter that lets light waves of a specific polarization pass through while blocking light waves of other polarizations. [1] [2] [3] [4] It can filter a beam of light of undefined or mixed polarization into a beam of well-defined polarization, known as polarized light.
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media.
In geometry, a torus ( pl.: tori or toruses) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanar with the circle. The main types of toruses include ring toruses, horn toruses, and spindle toruses.
Moment of inertia, denoted by I, measures the extent to which an object resists rotational acceleration about a particular axis, it is the rotational analogue to mass (which determines an object's resistance to linear acceleration ). The moments of inertia of a mass have units of dimension ML 2 ( [mass] × [length] 2 ).
Given: Ellipsoid x 2 / a 2 + y 2 / b 2 + z 2 / c 2 = 1 and the plane with equation n x x + n y y + n z z = d, which have an ellipse in common. Wanted: Three vectors f 0 (center) and f 1 , f 2 (conjugate vectors), such that the ellipse can be represented by the parametric equation
In projective geometry, a cylinder is simply a cone whose apex (vertex) lies on the plane at infinity. If the cone is a quadratic cone, the plane at infinity (which passes through the vertex) can intersect the cone at two real lines, a single real line (actually a coincident pair of lines), or only at the vertex.
Tunneling is a consequence of the wave nature of matter, where the quantum wave function describes the state of a particle or other physical system, and wave equations such as the Schrödinger equation describe their behavior.
An optical vortex (also known as a photonic quantum vortex, screw dislocation or phase singularity) is a zero of an optical field; a point of zero intensity. The term is also used to describe a beam of light that has such a zero in it. The study of these phenomena is known as singular optics .
Taking a cue from the boundary layer momentum balance equations, the second derivative boundary layer moments, track the thickness and shape of that portion of the boundary layer where the viscous forces are significant.