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The International law bearing on issues of Arab–Israeli conflict, which became a major arena of regional and international tension since the birth of Israel in 1948, resulting in several disputes between a number of Arab countries and Israel. There is an international consensus that some of the actions of the states involved in the Arab ...
International law recognizes a right of self-defence according to the Chapter VII, Article 51 of the UN Charter, as the International Court of Justice (ICJ) affirmed in the Nicaragua Case on the use of force Some commentators believe that the effect of Article 51 is only to preserve this right when an armed attack occurs, and that other acts of self-defence are banned by article 2(4).
Reprisal. A reprisal is a limited and deliberate violation of international law to punish another sovereign state that has already broken them. [1] [2] Since the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (AP 1), reprisals in the laws of war are extremely limited, [3] as they commonly breach the rights of non-combatants .
The United States government has been accused of many breaches of prisoners’ rights in international law. The most publicized case is the detention facility it maintains in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The American government claimed that the facility was not covered by the Geneva Conventions protecting prisoners of war as the detainees were ...
Unlawful combatant. An unlawful combatant, illegal combatant or unprivileged combatant/belligerent is a person who directly engages in armed conflict in violation of the laws of war and therefore is claimed not to be protected by the Geneva Conventions. [1] [2] [3] The International Committee of the Red Cross points out that the terms "unlawful ...
Distinction (law) Distinction is a principle under international humanitarian law governing the legal use of force in an armed conflict, whereby belligerents must distinguish between combatants and protected civilians. [1] Combatant in this instance means persons entitled to directly participate in hostilities and thus are not afforded immunity ...
A Swedish Army medic wearing a Red Cross treats an Afghan civilian in 2006, during the War in Afghanistan.They would be considered non-combatants in the war. Non-combatant is a term of art in the law of war and international humanitarian law to refer to civilians who are not taking a direct part in hostilities; persons, such as combat medics and military chaplains, who are members of the ...
International criminal law. v. t. e. Human shields are legally protected persons —either protected civilians or prisoners of war —who are either coerced or volunteer to deter attacks by occupying the space between a belligerent and a legitimate military target. [1] The use of human shields is forbidden by Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.