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c = n/V. Dimension. L − 3 N {\displaystyle {\mathsf {L}}^ {-3} {\mathsf {N}}} Molar concentration (also called molarity, amount concentration or substance concentration) is a measure of the concentration of a chemical species, in particular, of a solute in a solution, in terms of amount of substance per unit volume of solution.
A Nicol prism is a type of polarizer. It is an optical device made from calcite crystal used to convert ordinary light into plane polarized light . It is made in such a way that it eliminates one of the rays by total internal reflection , i.e. the ordinary ray is eliminated and only the extraordinary ray is transmitted through the prism .
The Bethe–Salpeter equation (named after Hans Bethe and Edwin Salpeter) [1] describes the bound states of a two-body (particles) quantum field theoretical system in a relativistically covariant formalism. The equation was first published in 1950 at the end of a paper by Yoichiro Nambu, but without derivation. [2] Due to its generality and its ...
In quantum chemistry and molecular physics, the Born–Oppenheimer (BO) approximation is the best-known mathematical approximation in molecular dynamics. Specifically, it is the assumption that the wave functions of atomic nuclei and electrons in a molecule can be treated separately, based on the fact that the nuclei are much heavier than the electrons.
Soil chemistry is the study of the chemical characteristics of soil.Soil chemistry is affected by mineral composition, organic matter and environmental factors. In the early 1870s a consulting chemist to the Royal Agricultural Society in England, named J. Thomas Way, performed many experiments on how soils exchange ions, and is considered the father of soil chemistry.
In fluid dynamics, the continuity equation states that the rate at which mass enters a system is equal to the rate at which mass leaves the system plus the accumulation of mass within the system. [1] [2] The differential form of the continuity equation is: [1] where. ρ is fluid density, t is time, u is the flow velocity vector field.
The Fokker-Planck equation has multiple applications in information theory, graph theory, data science, finance, economics etc. It is named after Adriaan Fokker and Max Planck, who described it in 1914 and 1917. [2] [3] It is also known as the Kolmogorov forward equation, after Andrey Kolmogorov, who independently discovered it in 1931. [4]
Nernst equation. In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation is a chemical thermodynamical relationship that permits the calculation of the reduction potential of a reaction ( half-cell or full cell reaction) from the standard electrode potential, absolute temperature, the number of electrons involved in the redox reaction, and activities (often ...