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The Benesi–Hildebrand method is a mathematical approach used in physical chemistry for the determination of the equilibrium constant K and stoichiometry of non-bonding interactions. This method has been typically applied to reaction equilibria that form one-to-one complexes, such as charge-transfer complexes and host–guest molecular ...
Prism correction is measured in prism dioptres. A prescription that specifies prism correction will also specify the "base". The base is the thickest part of the lens and is opposite from the apex. Light will be bent towards the base and the image will be shifted towards the apex.
The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub-micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis.
Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .
Viscosity depends strongly on temperature. In liquids it usually decreases with increasing temperature, whereas, in most gases, viscosity increases with increasing temperature. This article discusses several models of this dependence, ranging from rigorous first-principles calculations for monatomic gases, to empirical correlations for liquids.
A crystal system is described by three vectors. In the monoclinic system, the crystal is described by vectors of unequal lengths, as in the orthorhombic system. They form a parallelogram prism. Hence two pairs of vectors are perpendicular (meet at right angles), while the third pair makes an angle other than 90°.
Euler's formula e iφ = cos φ + i sin φ illustrated in the complex plane. Interpretation of the formula. This formula can be interpreted as saying that the function e iφ is a unit complex number, i.e., it traces out the unit circle in the complex plane as φ ranges through the real numbers.
In thermodynamics, the Volume Correction Factor (VCF), also known as Correction for the effect of Temperature on Liquid (CTL), is a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids, primarily, liquid hydrocarbons at various temperatures and densities.
Tolman length. The Tolman length (also known as Tolman's delta) measures the extent by which the surface tension of a small liquid drop deviates from its planar value. It is conveniently defined in terms of an expansion in , with the equimolar radius (defined below) of the liquid drop, of the pressure difference across the droplet's surface:
The Eötvös rule. If V is the molar volume and Tc the critical temperature of a liquid the surface tension γ is given by [1] where k is a constant valid for all liquids, with a value of 2.1×10 −7 J / (K· mol 2/3 ).