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Convergence Insufficiency. Other names. Convergence disorder. Specialty. Ophthalmology, optometry. Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence .
A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading.
Suppression of an eye is a subconscious adaptation by a person's brain to eliminate the symptoms of disorders of binocular vision such as strabismus, convergence insufficiency and aniseikonia. The brain can eliminate double vision by ignoring all or part of the image of one of the eyes.
Causes include: Refractive errors. Divergence insufficiency. Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies. [1] Unlike esotropia, fusion is possible and therefore diplopia is uncommon.
Vision therapy has not been shown to be effective using scientific studies, except for helping with convergence insufficiency. Most claims—for example that the therapy can address neurological, educational, and spatial difficulties—lack supporting evidence.
Cause. Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include: Refractive errors – distance and near deviation approximately equal. Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15 dioptres greater for distance than near deviation. Convergence insufficiency – near exodeviation greater than distance deviation.
The one and a half syndrome is a rare weakness in eye movement affecting both eyes, in which one cannot move laterally at all, and the other can move only in outward direction. More formally, it is characterized by " a conjugate horizontal gaze palsy in one direction and an internuclear ophthalmoplegia in the other ".
Accommodative excess may occur secondary to convergence insufficiency also. In convergence insufficiency near point of convergence will recede, and positive fusional vergence (PFV) will reduce. So, the patient uses excessive accommodation to stimulate accommodative convergence to overcome reduced PFV.
Stereopsis recovery. Eye patches may strengthen the weaker eye but fail to stimulate binocular vision and stereopsis, which may sometimes be recovered by different means. Stereopsis recovery, also recovery from stereoblindness, is the phenomenon of a stereoblind person gaining partial or full ability of stereo vision ( stereopsis ).
Convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency ( AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits for his age. [1]