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The Fitzpatrick scale (also Fitzpatrick skin typing test; or Fitzpatrick phototyping scale) is a numerical classification schema for human skin color. It was developed in 1975 by American dermatologist Thomas B. Fitzpatrick as a way to estimate the response of different types of skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. [2]
Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among individuals is caused by variation in pigmentation, which is the result of genetics (inherited from one's biological parents ), exposure to the sun, disorders, or some combination thereof. Differences across populations evolved through natural ...
The Monk Skin Tone Scale is an open-source, 10-shade scale describing human skin color, developed by Ellis Monk in partnership with Google. It is meant to replace the Fitzpatrick scale in fields such as computer vision research, after an IEEE study found the Fitzpatrick scale to be "poorly predictive of skin tone" and advised it "not be used as ...
Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
Manufacturer's sRGB color values Reflectance Rel. MgCO 3; Row 1: Natural colors 1: Dark skin: 3 YR 3.7/3.2: 0.400 0.350 10.1 #735244 2: Light skin: 2.2 YR 6.47/4.1: 0.377 0.345 35.8: #c29682 3: Blue sky: 4.3 PB 4.95/5.5: 0.247 0.251 19.3 #627a9d 4: Foliage: 6.7 GY 4.2/4.1: 0.337 0.422 13.3 #576c43 5: Blue flower: 9.7 PB 5.47/6.7: 0.265 0.240 24 ...
Heterophoria is an eye condition in which the directions that the eyes are pointing at rest position, when not performing binocular fusion, are not the same as each other, or, "not straight". This condition can be esophoria, where the eyes tend to cross inward in the absence of fusion; exophoria, in which they diverge; or hyperphoria, in which ...
The Munsell color system, showing: a circle of hues at value 5 chroma 6; the neutral values from 0 to 10; and the chromas of purple-blue (5PB) at value 5. In colorimetry, the Munsell color system is a color space that specifies colors based on three properties of color: hue (basic color), value ( lightness ), and chroma (color intensity).
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
Strabismus. Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. [2] The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. [3] The condition may be present occasionally or constantly. [3]
Example of an Ishihara color test plate. The number "74" should be clearly visible to viewers with normal color vision. Viewers with red–green color blindness will read it as "21", [1] and viewers with monochromacy may see nothing. The Ishihara test is a color vision test for detection of red–green color deficiencies.