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The Manila massacre was one of several major war crimes committed by the Imperial Japanese Army, as judged by the postwar military tribunal. The Japanese commanding general, Tomoyuki Yamashita, and his chief of staff Akira Mutō, were held responsible for the massacre and other war crimes in a trial which started in October 1945. Yamashita was executed on 23 February 1946 and Mutō on 23 ...
The Tokyo Charter defines war crimes as "violations of the laws or customs of war," [24] which involves acts using prohibited weapons, violating battlefield norms while engaging in combat with the enemy combatants, or against protected persons, [25] including enemy civilians and citizens and property of neutral states as in the case of the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The Nanjing Massacre[1] or the Rape of Nanjing (formerly romanized as Nanking[note 2]) was the mass murder of Chinese civilians in Nanjing, the capital of the Republic of China, immediately after the Battle of Nanking and the retreat of the National Revolutionary Army in the Second Sino-Japanese War, by the Imperial Japanese Army. [2][3][4][5] Beginning on December 13, 1937, the massacre ...
In addition, the Japanese Government attempted to evade responsibility for their crimes against "Comfort Women" by establishing the Asian Women's Fund in July 1995, as a way to support non-governmental organizations focusing on women's issues.
Established in 1936, Unit 731 was responsible for some of the most notorious war crimes committed by the Japanese armed forces. It routinely conducted tests on people who were dehumanized and internally referred to as "logs". Victims were further dehumanized by being confined in facilities referred to as "log cabins".
Comfort women were women and girls forced into sexual slavery by the Imperial Japanese Armed Forces in occupied countries and territories before and during World War II. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ][ 5 ] The term comfort women is a translation of the Japanese ianfu (ja:慰安婦), [ 6 ] which literally means "comforting, consoling woman". [ 7 ]
The Bahay na Pula (Tagalog, 'Red House') is a former hacienda in San Ildefonso, Bulacan in the Philippines. The site is remembered for the mass rapes and murders committed by the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II. [1][2][3] The Japanese military murdered all of the men and boys in the adjacent Mapaniqui, Candaba, Pampanga, and forced over 100 women and girls into sexual slavery ...
Hideki Tojo (東條 英機, Tōjō Hideki, pronounced [toːʑoː çideki] ⓘ; 30 December 1884 – 23 December 1948) was a Japanese politician, military leader and convicted war criminal who served as prime minister of Japan and president of the Imperial Rule Assistance Association from 1941 to 1944 during World War II. He assumed several more positions including chief of staff of the ...