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Magnification. Given as the first number in a binocular description (e.g., 7 ×35, 10 ×50), magnification is the ratio of the focal length of the objective divided by the focal length of the eyepiece. This gives the magnifying power of binoculars (sometimes expressed as "diameters").
A Fresnel lens ( / ˈfreɪnɛl, - nəl / FRAY-nel, -nəl; / ˈfrɛnɛl, - əl / FREN-el, -əl; or / freɪˈnɛl / fray-NEL [1]) is a type of composite compact lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.
Magnification. An Elcan SpecterOS 4x prism sight with a Shield Sights reflex sight mounted on top. Prism sights often have fixed low-power magnification such as 1× (parity magnification or "non-magnifying"), 2×, 3× or 4x magnifications, sometimes 5× or more.
As with binoculars and telescopes, monoculars are primarily defined by two parameters: magnification and objective lens diameter, for example, 8×30 where 8 is the magnification and 30 is the objective lens diameter in mm (this is the lens furthest from the eye). An 8× magnification makes the distant object appear to be 8 times larger at the eye.
Diagram of a single lens loupe. Three basic types of loupes exist: Simple lenses, generally used for low-magnification designs because of high optical aberration. Compound lenses, generally used for higher magnifications to control optical aberration. Prismatic, multiple lenses with prisms. [2]
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhacen) wrote about the effects of pinhole, concave lenses, and magnifying glasses in his 11th century Book of Optics (1021 CE). [45] [47] [48] The English friar Roger Bacon , during the 1260s or 1270s, wrote works on optics, partly based on the works of Arab writers, that described the function of corrective lenses for vision ...