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Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
Prism adaptation. Prism adaptation is a sensory-motor adaptation that occurs after the visual field has been artificially shifted laterally or vertically. It was first introduced by Hermann von Helmholtz in late 19th-century Germany as supportive evidence for his perceptual learning theory (Helmholtz, 1909/1962). [1]
Esophoria is an eye condition involving inward deviation of the eye, usually due to extra-ocular muscle imbalance. It is a type of heterophoria. Cause. Causes include: Refractive errors; Divergence insufficiency; Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies.
Integrated geography (also, integrative geography, environmental geography or human–environment geography) is the branch of geography that describes and explains the spatial aspects of interactions between human individuals or societies and their natural environment, called coupled human–environment systems .
A peak or projection from the top of a hill or mountain, or any rounded protrusion of land, especially a small but prominent or isolated hill with steep sides; a boulder or an area of resistant rock protruding from the side of a hill or mountain. The term is used primarily in the southern United States. [5] knoll.
Coastal geography is the study of the constantly changing region between the ocean and the land, incorporating both the physical geography (i.e. coastal geomorphology, climatology and oceanography) and the human geography ( sociology and history) of the coast. It includes understanding coastal weathering processes, particularly wave action ...
Settlement geography is a branch of human geography that investigates the Earth's surface 's part settled by humans. According to the United Nations ' Vancouver Declaration on Human Settlements (1976), "human settlements means the totality of the human community – whether city, town or village – with all the social, material, organizational ...
Time geography. Time geography or time-space geography is an evolving transdisciplinary perspective on spatial and temporal processes and events such as social interaction, ecological interaction, social and environmental change, and biographies of individuals. [1] Time geography "is not a subject area per se", [2] but rather an integrative ...
Philosophy of geography. Philosophy of geography is the subfield of philosophy which deals with epistemological, metaphysical, and axiological issues in geography, with geographic methodology in general, and with more broadly related issues such as the perception and representation of space and place.
Sixth nerve palsy, or abducens nerve palsy, is a disorder associated with dysfunction of cranial nerve VI (the abducens nerve ), which is responsible for causing contraction of the lateral rectus muscle to abduct (i.e., turn out) the eye. [1] The inability of an eye to turn outward, results in a convergent strabismus or esotropia of which the ...