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Laryngopharyngeal reflux ( LPR) or laryngopharyngeal reflux disease ( LPRD) is the retrograde flow of gastric contents into the larynx, oropharynx and/or the nasopharynx. [4] [5] LPR causes respiratory symptoms such as cough and wheezing [6] and is often associated with head and neck complaints such as dysphonia, globus pharyngis, and dysphagia ...
Infectious disease, allergy and immunology. Rhinitis, also known as coryza, [3] is irritation and inflammation of the mucous membrane inside the nose. Common symptoms are a stuffy nose, runny nose, sneezing, and post-nasal drip. [4] The inflammation is caused by viruses, bacteria, irritants or allergens. The most common kind of rhinitis is ...
Pharyngitis is inflammation of the back of the throat, known as the pharynx. [2] It typically results in a sore throat and fever. [2] Other symptoms may include a runny nose, cough, headache, difficulty swallowing, swollen lymph nodes, and a hoarse voice.
Nasal congestion. Other names. Nasal blockage, nasal obstruction, blocked nose, stuffy nose, plugged nose. Medical products for diminution of nasal congestion. Specialty. Otorhinolaryngology. Nasal congestion is the partial or complete blockage of nasal passages, leading to impaired nasal breathing, usually due to membranes lining the nose ...
Post-nasal drip ( PND ), also known as upper airway cough syndrome ( UACS ), occurs when excessive mucus is produced by the nasal mucosa. The excess mucus accumulates in the back of the nose, and eventually in the throat once it drips down the back of the throat. It can be caused by rhinitis, sinusitis, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD ...
Velopharyngeal insufficiency is a disorder of structure that causes a failure of the velum (soft palate) to close against the posterior pharyngeal wall (back wall of the throat) during speech in order to close off the nose (nasal cavity) during oral speech production. This is important because speech requires sound (from the vocal folds) and ...
A nasal septum perforation is a medical condition in which the nasal septum, the bony/cartilaginous wall dividing the nasal cavities, develops a hole or fissure. [1] This may be brought on directly, as in the case of nasal piercings, or indirectly, as by long-term topical drug application, including nasal administration of ethylphenidate ...
Oral candidiasis (Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis), also known as oral thrush among other names, [1] is candidiasis that occurs in the mouth. That is, oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast/fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth . Candida albicans is the most commonly implicated organism in this condition.
Laryngitis is categorised as acute if it lasts less than three weeks and chronic if symptoms last more than three weeks. [1] Acute cases usually occur as part of a viral upper respiratory tract infection, [1] other infections and trauma such as from coughing are other causes. [1] Chronic cases may occur due to smoking, tuberculosis, allergies, acid reflux, rheumatoid arthritis, or sarcoidosis ...
Sore throat, also known as throat pain, is pain or irritation of the throat. [1] Usually, causes of sore throat include: viral infections group A streptococcal infection (GAS) bacterial infection [2] pharyngitis ( inflammation of the throat) tonsillitis (inflammation of the tonsils ), or dehydration, which leads to the throat drying up. [citation needed]