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Hypertensive retinopathy. Hypertensive retinopathy with AV nicking and mild vascular tortuosity. Specialty. Synonyms = Latin: Fundus hypertonicus. Hypertensive retinopathy is damage to the retina and retinal circulation due to high blood pressure (i.e. hypertension ).
Specialty. Ophthalmology. Ocular hypertension is the presence of elevated fluid pressure inside the eye ( intraocular pressure ), usually with no optic nerve damage or visual field loss. [1] [2] For most individuals, the normal range of intraocular pressure is between 10 mmHg and 21 mmHg.
Complications can include seizures, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, and bleeding in the back of the eye. [1] [3] In hypertensive encephalopathy, generally the blood pressure is greater than 200/130 mmHg. [1] Occasionally it can occur at a BP as low as 160/100 mmHg. [4]
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension ( IIH ), previously known as pseudotumor cerebri and benign intracranial hypertension, is a condition characterized by increased intracranial pressure (pressure around the brain) without a detectable cause. [2] The main symptoms are headache, vision problems, ringing in the ears, and shoulder pain.
Other diseases such as acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and hypertension are commonly found to have associated ocular symptoms.
Complications affecting the eye. Hypertensive retinopathy with AV nicking and mild vascular tortuosity. Hypertensive retinopathy is a condition characterized by a spectrum of retinal vascular signs in people with elevated blood pressure. [57] It was first described by Liebreich in 1859. [58]
Hypertension, also known as high blood pressure, is a long-term medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated. [11] High blood pressure usually does not cause symptoms itself. [1] It is, however, a major risk factor for stroke, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, peripheral arterial disease, vision loss, chronic kidney disease ...
Hypertension causes a reduction in the lumen diameter of cerebral arteries, which increases its vascular resistance. The brain receives around 15–20% of the total cardiac output and therefore, disruptions in this cerebral perfusion have damaging effects to proper neuronal function.
A hypertensive emergency is very high blood pressure with potentially life-threatening symptoms and signs of acute damage to one or more organ systems (especially brain, eyes, heart, aorta, or kidneys).
Essential hypertension (also called primary hypertension, or idiopathic hypertension) is a form of hypertension without an identifiable physiologic cause. [1] [2] It is the most common type affecting 85% of those with high blood pressure.