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Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. [1] [2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. [3] [4] These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport ...
Cosmetic electrotherapy is a range of beauty treatments that uses low electric currents passed through the skin to produce several therapeutic effects [2] such as muscle toning in the body [3] : 226 and micro-lifting of the face. [4] It is based on electrotherapy, which has been researched and accepted in the field of rehabilitation, [5] though ...
Sonophoresis. Sonophoresis also known as phonophoresis, is a method that utilizes ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topical medications through the stratum corneum, to the epidermis and dermis. Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis, to deliver drugs with ...
Hyperhidrosis is a condition characterized by abnormally increased sweating, [1] [2] in excess of that required for regulation of body temperature. [3] Although primarily a benign physical burden, hyperhidrosis can deteriorate quality of life from a psychological, emotional, and social perspective. [4] In fact, hyperhidrosis almost always leads ...
Phonophoresis. Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the method of using ultrasound waves to increase skin permeability in order to improve the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. This method intersects drug delivery and ultrasound therapy. By assisting transdermal drug delivery, phonophoresis can be a painless treatment and an ...
In medicine, venipuncture or venepuncture is the process of obtaining intravenous access for the purpose of venous blood sampling (also called phlebotomy) or intravenous therapy. In healthcare, this procedure is performed by medical laboratory scientists, medical practitioners, some EMTs, paramedics, phlebotomists, dialysis technicians, and ...
Electrophoresis is the basis for analytical techniques used in biochemistry for separating particles, molecules, or ions by size, charge, or binding affinity. [10] In principle, electrophoresis is used in laboratories to separate macromolecules based on charge. [11] The technique normally applies a negative charge so proteins move towards a ...
Pilocarpine is a drug that acts as a muscarinic receptor agonist. It acts on a subtype of muscarinic receptor ( M 3) found on the iris sphincter muscle, causing the muscle to contract - resulting in pupil constriction ( miosis ). Pilocarpine also acts on the ciliary muscle and causes it to contract. When the ciliary muscle contracts, it opens ...
Ionithermie is a cosmetology treatment performed in spas, intended to remove cellulite using electrical muscle stimulation combined with a lotion made of algae, seaweed extracts and amino acids. [1] [2] The lotion is mixed with clay, and electrodes are placed on the clay to enact iontophoresis. [3] The specific materials vary from treatment ...
Sweat testing makes use of the fact that cystic fibrosis patients have defective sweat glands. [2] Sweat glands produce sweat through a well understood process of secretion and reabsorption of sodium chloride (salt). Secretion entails the movement of salt and water from sweat gland cells into the sweat duct. Reabsorption occurs in the duct with ...