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Sonophoresis also known as phonophoresis, is a method that utilizes ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topical medications through the stratum corneum, to the epidermis and dermis. Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis , to deliver drugs with lesser side ...
Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the method of using ultrasound waves to increase skin permeability in order to improve the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. This method intersects drug delivery and ultrasound therapy .
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. [1] [2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. [3] [4] These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport ...
Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. An early application of a carbon dioxide scrubber was in the submarine the Ictíneo I, in 1859; a role for which they continue to be used today.
The ultrasound can either be low-frequency, or LFUS, (between ~20 and ~100 kHz) or high-frequency, HFUS, (>1 MHz). Transdermal delivery (sonophoresis) is enhanced through LFUS, which then further allows the drug to be released. Since the wave of HFUS is higher, success of drug delivery has been demonstrated through the form of bubbles.
Schrödinger's equation inscribed on the gravestone of Annemarie and Erwin Schrödinger. ( Newton's dot notation for the time derivative is used.) The Schrödinger equation is a linear partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system.
Mitochondrion. Two mitochondria from mammalian lung tissue displaying their matrix and membranes as shown by electron microscopy. A mitochondrion ( / ˌmaɪtəˈkɒndriən /; [1] pl.: mitochondria) is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes, such as animals, plants and fungi.
The function is bijective ( one-to-one and onto, one-to-one correspondence, or invertible) if each element of the codomain is mapped to by exactly one element of the domain. That is, the function is both injective and surjective. A bijective function is also called a bijection.
Sonoporation, or cellular sonication, is the use of sound in the ultrasonic range for increasing the permeability of the cell plasma membrane. This technique is usually used in molecular biology and non-viral gene therapy in order to allow uptake of large molecules such as DNA into the cell, in a cell disruption process called transfection or ...
#include <math.h> /* Function to linearly interpolate between a0 and a1 * Weight w should be in the range [0.0, 1.0] */ float interpolate (float a0, float a1, float w) {/* // You may want clamping by inserting: * if (0.0 > w) return a0; * if (1.0 < w) return a1; */ return (a1-a0) * w + a0; /* // Use this cubic interpolation [[Smoothstep ...