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The prism cover test (PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin ...
The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection.
A video covering the Bagolini Striated Test. The BSGT is used for patients with strabismus to test for suppression, normal retinal correspondence or abnormal retinal correspondence, particularly in cases of manifest strabismus.
When this muscle's function is diminished due to a fourth cranial nerve palsy, the affected eye will extort, deviate upward (hypertropia), and, to a smaller extent, drift inward. Treatment [ edit ] Congenital fourth cranial nerve palsy can be treated with strabismus surgery, where muscle attachment sites on the globe are modified to realign the ...
Incomitant strabismus cannot be fully corrected by prism glasses, because the eyes would require different degrees of prismatic correction dependent on the direction of the gaze.
Esotropias measuring more than 15 prism diopters (PD) and exotropias more than 20 PD that have not responded to refractive correction can be considered candidates for surgery. Techniques Disinserting the medial rectus muscle. The goal of strabismus surgery is to correct misalignment of the eyes.
The Maddox Wing test is performed at near with the instrument held in reading position, slightly inferior (approximately 15° depression and 33 cm away). The room or location of the test should be brightly illuminated and the patient's optical correction (e.g. glasses, bifocals, multifocals, contact lens) is required to be worn.
With heterotropia, a correcting movement of the eye can be detected already by the simple cover test; with heterophoria, such correcting movement only takes place in the cross-cover test.
The surgical procedure for the correction of exotropia involves making a small incision in the tissue covering the eye to reach the eye muscles. The appropriate muscles are then repositioned to allow the eye to move properly.