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A closed (stopped) pipe produces a sound one octave lower than an open pipe. For example, a stopped pipe 4 feet (1.2 m) long will produce the same pitch as an open pipe 8 feet long: two octaves below middle C. The nomenclature of a rank of pipes is based on the size of an open pipe that would produce the same pitch, regardless of the type or ...
The particular length "eight feet" is based on the approximate length of an organ pipe sounding the pitch two octaves below middle C, the bottom note on an organ keyboard. [1] This may be calculated as follows. If a pipe is open at both ends, as is true of most organ pipes, its fundamental frequency f can be calculated (approximately) as follows:
Organ flue pipe scaling. Scaling is the ratio of an organ pipe 's diameter to its length. The scaling of a pipe is a major influence on its timbre. Reed pipes are scaled according to different formulas than for flue pipes. In general, the larger the diameter of a given pipe at a given pitch, the fuller and more fundamental the sound becomes.
The pipe organ is a musical instrument that produces sound by driving pressurised air (called wind) through the organ pipes selected from a keyboard. Because each pipe produces a single pitch, the pipes are provided in sets called ranks , each of which has a common timbre , volume, and construction throughout the keyboard compass .
Pipe organ tuning. This article describes the process and techniques involved in the tuning of a pipe organ. Electronic organs typically do not require tuning. A pipe organ produces sound via hundreds or thousands of organ pipes, each of which produces a single pitch and timbre. The goal of tuning a pipe organ is to adjust the pitch of each ...
The pitch produced by an organ pipe is a function of its length. All else equal, longer pipes produce lower-pitched notes, and shorter pipes are higher in pitch. An organ stop uses a set (rank) of pipes of graduated lengths to produce the range of notes needed. Stops with pipes tuned to sound the pitch normally associated with the keys (i.e ...
A flue pipe (also referred to as a labial pipe) is an organ pipe that produces sound through the vibration of air molecules, in the same manner as a recorder or a whistle, in a pipe organ. Air under pressure (called wind) is driven through a flue and against a sharp lip called a labium, causing the column of air in the pipe to resonate at a ...
A mixture is an organ stop, usually of principal tone quality, that contains multiple ranks of pipes including at least one mutation stop. It is designed to be drawn with a combination of stops that forms a complete chorus, for example, principals of 8 foot (8 ′ ), 4 ′, and 2 ′ pitches. The mixture emphasizes upper harmonics of each note ...