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A Fresnel lens ( / ˈfreɪnɛl, - nəl / FRAY-nel, -nəl; / ˈfrɛnɛl, - əl / FREN-el, -əl; or / freɪˈnɛl / fray-NEL [1]) is a type of composite compact lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media.
Aperture real amplitude as estimated at focus of a half inch perfect lens having Fresnel number equal to 0.01. Adopted wavelength for propagation is 1 μm. The Fresnel number is a useful concept in physical optics. The Fresnel number establishes a coarse criterion to define the near and far field approximations.
A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is linearly polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, the emerging beam is circularly polarized , and vice versa.
Refractive index. A ray of light being refracted through a glass slab. In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or ...
Prism rotators use multiple internal reflections to produce beams with rotated polarization. Because they are based on total internal reflection, they are broadband—they work over a broad range of wavelengths. Double Fresnel rhomb A double Fresnel rhomb rotates the linear polarization axis by 90° using four internal reflections. A ...
Optical rotation, also known as polarization rotation or circular birefringence, is the rotation of the orientation of the plane of polarization about the optical axis of linearly polarized light as it travels through certain materials. Circular birefringence and circular dichroism are the manifestations of optical activity.
The Fresnel integrals admit the following power series expansions that converge for all x: S ( x ) = ∫ 0 x sin ( t 2 ) d t = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) n x 4 n + 3 ( 2 n + 1 ) ! ( 4 n + 3 ) , C ( x ) = ∫ 0 x cos ( t 2 ) d t = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( − 1 ) n x 4 n + 1 ( 2 n ) !
Fresnel zone: D is the distance between the transmitter and the receiver; r is the radius of the first Fresnel zone (n=1) at point P. P is d1 away from the transmitter, and d2 away from the receiver. The concept of Fresnel zone clearance may be used to analyze interference by obstacles near the path of a radio beam. The first zone must be kept ...
A fresnel is a unit of frequency equal to 10 12 s −1. It was occasionally used in the field of spectroscopy, but its use has been superseded by terahertz (with the identical value 10 12 hertz). It is named for Augustin-Jean Fresnel the physicist whose expertise in optics led to the creation of Fresnel lenses. References
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