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Learn about the different types of optical prisms, such as dispersive, reflective, beam-splitting and polarizing prisms, and how they refract, reflect or split light. Find out how prisms are made of transparent materials like glass, acrylic or fluorite, and how they can create spectra, images or polarizations.
A Fresnel lens is a compact lens that reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing it into concentric sections. Learn about the invention by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, the different designs and uses of Fresnel lenses in lighthouses and other applications.
Prentice's rule is a formula to calculate the amount of prism correction in a lens based on decentration and lens power. It can be used for prescribing, tolerance control, or determining unprescribed prism in eyeglasses.
A telescopic sight is an optical sighting device based on a refracting telescope, equipped with a reticle and used for accurate visual aiming. Learn about the history, types and features of telescopic sights, and how they differ from other sighting devices.
A Porro prism is a reflection prism that rotates and displaces an image by 180°. It is used in optical instruments such as binoculars, telescopes and cameras, and has different variants and designs.
The more complicated shapes allow such lenses to form images with less aberration than standard simple lenses, but they are more difficult and expensive to produce. These were formerly complex to make and often extremely expensive, but advances in technology have greatly reduced the manufacturing cost for such lenses.
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