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Cleaner fish are fish that show a specialist feeding strategy [1] by providing a service to other species, referred to as clients, [2] by removing dead skin, ectoparasites, and infected tissue from the surface or gill chambers. [2]
Some genuine cleaner fish, such as gobies and wrasse, have the same colours and patterns, in an example of convergent evolution. Mutual resemblance among cleaner fish is analogous to Müllerian mimicry, as where stinging bees and wasps mimic each other.
The Hawaiian cleaner wrasse or golden cleaner wrasse ( Labroides phthirophagus ), is a species of wrasse ( genus Labroides) found in the waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. The fish is endemic to Hawaii. These cleaner fish inhabit coral reefs, setting up a territory referred to as a cleaning station.
Bluestreak cleaner wrasses clean to consume ectoparasites on client fish for food. The bigger fish recognise them as cleaner fish because they have a lateral stripe along the length of their bodies, [9] and by their movement patterns.
Cleaner shrimp. A Pacific cleaner shrimp, Lysmata amboinensis, cleans the mouth of a moray eel. Ancylomenes magnificus provides a manicure for a diver. Cleaner shrimp is a common name for a number of swimming decapod crustaceans that clean other organisms of parasites.
Binomial name. Aspidontus taeniatus. Quoy & Gaimard, 1834. The false cleanerfish ( Aspidontus taeniatus) is a species of combtooth blenny, a mimic that copies both the dance and appearance of Labroides dimidiatus (the bluestreak cleaner wrasse), a similarly colored species of cleaner wrasse.
The crimson cleaner fish ( Suezichthys aylingi ), or butcher's dick in Australia, [2] is a species of wrasse native to the southwestern Pacific Ocean around Australia and New Zealand. This species inhabits patches of sand on reefs at depths of from 6 to 100 metres (20 to 328 ft). It is a cleaner fish.
Cleaner wrasses are the best-known of the cleaner fish. They live in a cleaning symbiosis with larger, often predatory, fish, grooming them and benefiting by consuming what they remove.
An example of reciprocal altruism is cleaning symbiosis, such as between cleaner fish and their hosts, though cleaners include shrimps and birds, and clients include fish, turtles, octopuses and mammals. [6]
As an example of the adaptations made by reef fish, the yellow tang is a herbivore which feeds on benthic turf algae. They also provide cleaner services to marine turtles, by removing algal growth from their shells. They do not tolerate other fish with the same colour or shape.