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An esophageal motility disorder ( EMD) is any medical disorder resulting from dysfunction of the coordinated movement of esophagus, which causes dysphagia (i.e. difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food). [1] Primary Motility Disorders are: [1] An esophageal motility disorder can also be secondary to other diseases. [1]
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Here are links to possibly useful sources of information about Esophoria. PubMed provides review articles from the past five years (limit to free review articles ) The TRIP database provides clinical publications about evidence-based medicine .
Pinguecula. A pinguecula is a common type of conjunctival stromal degeneration in the eye. It appears as an elevated yellow-white plaque in the bulbar conjunctiva near the limbus. [1] Calcification may also seen occasionally.
Presbyopia is a typical part of the aging process. [4] It occurs due to age related changes in the lens (decreased elasticity and increased hardness) and ciliary muscle (decreased strength and ability to move the lens), causing the eye to focus right behind rather than on the retina when looking at close objects. [4]
Papilledema. Papilledema or papilloedema is optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure due to any cause. [1] The swelling is usually bilateral and can occur over a period of hours to weeks. [2] Unilateral presentation is extremely rare. In intracranial hypertension, the optic disc swelling most commonly occurs ...
Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, [4] is inflammation of the outermost layer of the white part of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelid. [5] It makes the eye appear pink or reddish. [1] Pain, burning, scratchiness, or itchiness may occur. [1] The affected eye may have increased tears or be "stuck shut" in the morning. [1]
Aphakia is the absence of the lens of the eye, due to surgical removal, such as in cataract surgery, a perforating wound or ulcer, or congenital anomaly. It causes a loss of ability to maintain focus ( accommodation ), high degree of farsightedness ( hyperopia ), [1] and a deep anterior chamber. Complications include detachment of the vitreous ...