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  2. Hot isostatic pressing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_isostatic_pressing

    Hot isostatic pressing ( HIP) is a manufacturing process, used to reduce the porosity of metals and increase the density of many ceramic materials. This improves the material's mechanical properties and workability. The process can be used to produce waste form classes. Calcined radioactive waste (waste with additives) is packed into a thin ...

  3. Polyethylene - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethylene

    The high molecular weight makes it a very tough material, but results in less efficient packing of the chains into the crystal structure as evidenced by densities of less than high-density polyethylene (for example, 0.930–0.935 g/cm 3). UHMWPE can be made through any catalyst technology, although Ziegler catalysts are most common.

  4. Biomaterial - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomaterial

    Use of natural biomaterials were used as early as ancient Egypt, where indigenous people used animal skin as sutures. A more modern example is a hip replacement using ivory material which was first recorded in Germany 1891. Valuable criteria for viable natural biomaterials: Biodegradable; Biocompatible; Able to promote cell attachment and growth

  5. Avascular necrosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avascular_necrosis

    A variety of methods may be used to treat the most common being the total hip replacement (THR). However, THRs have a number of downsides including long recovery times and the life spans of the hip joints (often around 20 to 30 years). THRs are an effective means of treatment in the older population; however, in younger people, they may wear ...

  6. Osteotomy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteotomy

    An osteotomy is a surgical operation whereby a bone is cut to shorten or lengthen it or to change its alignment. It is sometimes performed to correct a hallux valgus, or to straighten a bone that has healed crookedly following a fracture. It is also used to correct a coxa vara, genu valgum, and genu varum. The operation is done under a general ...

  7. Artificial cartilage - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_cartilage

    Artificial cartilage is a synthetic material made of hydrogels [1] or polymers that aims to mimic the functional properties of natural cartilage in the human body. Tissue engineering principles are used in order to create a non- degradable and biocompatible material that can replace cartilage. [2] While creating a useful synthetic cartilage ...