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A single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence "reflex" from the mirror's reflection) that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured.
Professional cameras where perspective control is important control the perspective at exposure by raising the lens parallel to the film. There is more information on this in the view camera article.
The TTL metering is semi-spot in nature and works through a prism incorporated in the viewfinder condenser/screen assembly. The later Canon F-1 has a similar prism for metering in its removable screen. The Canon FT viewfinder screen is not user changeable.
A perspective drawing showing a roof pentaprism commonly used in a single lens reflex camera (SLR). The image is flipped laterally by the prism. A pentaprism is a five-sided reflecting prism used to deviate a beam of light by a constant 90°, even if the entry beam is not at 90° to the prism.
Flat-field correction ( FFC) is a digital imaging technique to mitigate the image detector pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and distortions in the optical path. It is a standard calibration procedure in everything from personal digital cameras to large telescopes.
A pentamirror is an optical device used in the viewfinder systems of various single-lens reflex cameras instead of the pentaprism. It is used to reverse again the laterally reversed image coming from the reflex mirror.
In photography, distortion is particularly associated with zoom lenses, particularly large-range zooms, but may also be found in prime lenses, and depends on focal distance – for example, the Canon EF 50mm f / 1.4 exhibits barrel distortion at extremely short focal distances.
Camera lucida in use A camera lucida is an optical device used as a drawing aid by artists and microscopists . The camera lucida projects an optical superimposition of the subject being viewed, onto the surface upon which the artist is drawing.
With still cameras, camera shake is a particular problem at slow shutter speeds or with long focal length lenses (telephoto or zoom). With video cameras, camera shake causes visible frame-to-frame jitter in the recorded video.
DxO ViewPoint is image geometry and lens defect correction software developed by DxO. It is designed to automatically straighten distorted perspectives caused by the lens used and the position of the photographer.