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Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
The Scherrer equation can be written as: where: τ {\displaystyle \tau } is the mean size of the ordered (crystalline) domains, which may be smaller or equal to the grain size, which may be smaller or equal to the particle size; K {\displaystyle K} is a dimensionless shape factor, with a value close to unity.
The fine structure correction predicts that the Lyman-alpha line (emitted in a transition from n = 2 to n = 1) must split into a doublet. The total effect can also be obtained by using the Dirac equation.
A chemical equation is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities are on the right-hand side with a plus sign between the entities in both the reactants and the products, and an arrow that points towards the products to show the direction of the reaction.
Planck's law describes the unique and characteristic spectral distribution for electromagnetic radiation in thermodynamic equilibrium, when there is no net flow of matter or energy. [2] Its physics is most easily understood by considering the radiation in a cavity with rigid opaque walls.
Antoine equation. The Antoine equation is a class of semi-empirical correlations describing the relation between vapor pressure and temperature for pure substances. The Antoine equation is derived from the Clausius–Clapeyron relation. The equation was presented in 1888 by the French engineer Louis Charles Antoine [ fr] (1825–1897).
In this case, a correction factor in the numerator is necessary:: 248 : 123 [ α ] λ T = 100 × α l × c {\displaystyle [\alpha ]_{\lambda }^{T}={\frac {100\times \alpha }{l\times c}}} When using this equation, the concentration and the solvent may be provided in parentheses after the rotation.
Applications. There are many different effective medium approximations, each of them being more or less accurate in distinct conditions. Nevertheless, they all assume that the macroscopic system is homogeneous and, typical of all mean field theories, they fail to predict the properties of a multiphase medium close to the percolation threshold due to the absence of long-range correlations or ...
Compressibility factor values are usually obtained by calculation from equations of state (EOS), such as the virial equation which take compound-specific empirical constants as input.
Freundlich equation. The Freundlich equation or Freundlich adsorption isotherm, an adsorption isotherm, is an empirical relationship between the quantity of a gas adsorbed into a solid surface and the gas pressure. The same relationship is also applicable for the concentration of a solute adsorbed onto the surface of a solid and the ...