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Prism dioptres. Prism correction is commonly specified in prism dioptres, a unit of angular measurement that is loosely related to the dioptre. Prism dioptres are represented by the Greek symbol delta (Δ) in superscript. A prism of power 1 Δ would produce 1 unit of displacement for an object held 100 units from the prism. [2]
Scherrer equation. The Scherrer equation, in X-ray diffraction and crystallography, is a formula that relates the size of sub- micrometre crystallites in a solid to the broadening of a peak in a diffraction pattern. It is often referred to, incorrectly, as a formula for particle size measurement or analysis. It is named after Paul Scherrer.
Fugacity. In chemical thermodynamics, the fugacity of a real gas is an effective partial pressure which replaces the mechanical partial pressure in an accurate computation of chemical equilibrium. It is equal to the pressure of an ideal gas which has the same temperature and molar Gibbs free energy as the real gas. [1]
In chemistry, specific rotation ( [α]) is a property of a chiral chemical compound. [1] : 244 It is defined as the change in orientation of monochromatic plane-polarized light, per unit distance–concentration product, as the light passes through a sample of a compound in solution. [2] : 2–65 Compounds which rotate the plane of polarization ...
Common thermodynamic equations and quantities in thermodynamics, using mathematical notation, are as follows:
The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many gases under many conditions, although it has several limitations.
Dihedral. Solid. v. t. e. A dihedral angle is the angle between two intersecting planes or half-planes. In chemistry, it is the clockwise angle between half-planes through two sets of three atoms, having two atoms in common. In solid geometry, it is defined as the union of a line and two half-planes that have this line as a common edge.
The chemical formula of the liquid crystals used in LCDs may vary. ... (prism sheet) to gain the ... Color shift and deviation caused by light leakage is corrected by ...
The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to deformation at a given rate. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of "thickness": for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2] Viscosity is defined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI units are newton-seconds per square meter, or pascal-seconds. [1]
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the main characteristics of a ...