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Convergence insufficiency can cause difficulty learning to read. Treatment. Convergence insufficiency may be treated with convergence exercises prescribed by an eyecare specialist trained in orthoptics or binocular vision anomalies (see: vision therapy).
A common form of exotropia is known as "convergence insufficiency" that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises. This disorder is characterized by an inability of the eyes to work together when used for near viewing, such as reading.
Orthoptic exercises have proven to be effective for reducing symptoms in patients with convergence insufficiency and decompensating exophoria by improving the near-point convergence of the eyes that is necessary for binocular fusion.
Accommodative excess may occur secondary to convergence insufficiency also. In convergence insufficiency near point of convergence will recede, and positive fusional vergence (PFV) will reduce. So, the patient uses excessive accommodation to stimulate accommodative convergence to overcome reduced PFV.
Some of the exercises use: [citation needed] Marsden balls; Rotation trainers; Syntonics; Balance board or beams; Saccadic fixators; Directional sequencers; Fusional amplitude and relative fusional amplitude training are designed to alleviate convergence insufficiency. The CITT study (Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial) was a randomized ...
Differential diagnosis. Convergence insufficiency. Accommodative insufficiency ( AI) involves the inability of the eye to focus properly on an object. Accommodation is the adjustment of the curvature of the lens to focus on objects near and far. In this condition, amplitude of accommodation of a person is lesser compared to physiological limits ...
In a small-scale study, adults whose reading difficulties due to convergence insufficiency had been unsuccessfully addressed by convergence exercises, base-in prism glasses or strabismus surgery showed improved reading after botulinum toxin therapy, maintaining improved reading remaining also after six months.
Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15 dioptres greater for distance than near deviation. Convergence insufficiency – near exodeviation greater than distance deviation. These can be due to nerve, muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies.
Causes include: Refractive errors. Divergence insufficiency. Convergence excess; this can be due to nerve, muscle, congenital or mechanical anomalies. [1] Unlike esotropia, fusion is possible and therefore diplopia is uncommon.
For children, there is evidence that orthoptics is more effective at treating convergence insufficiency than home-based pencil or computer training; for adults the effectiveness is less evident. History. Orthoptics has a long history in supporting ophthalmic care.