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  2. Quartz - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz

    Quartz is a hard, crystalline mineral composed of silica (silicon dioxide).The atoms are linked in a continuous framework of SiO 4 silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall chemical formula of SiO 2.

  3. Diplopia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplopia

    Diplopia is the simultaneous perception of two images of a single object that may be displaced horizontally or vertically in relation to each other. [1] Also called double vision, it is a loss of visual focus under regular conditions, and is often voluntary.

  4. Newton's law of universal gravitation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_law_of_universal...

    To make this into an equal-sided formula or equation, there needed to be a multiplying factor or constant that would give the correct force of gravity no matter the value of the masses or distance between them (the gravitational constant). Newton would need an accurate measure of this constant to prove his inverse-square law.

  5. Euler's formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler's_formula

    The formula is still valid if x is a complex number, and is also called Euler's formula in this more general case. [1] Euler's formula is ubiquitous in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering. The physicist Richard Feynman called the equation "our jewel" and "the most remarkable formula in mathematics". [2]

  6. Diamond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond

    Main diamond producing countries. Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic.Diamond as a form of carbon is a tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water.

  7. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    A burning apparatus consisting of two biconvex lens. A lens is a transmissive optical device that focuses or disperses a light beam by means of refraction.A simple lens consists of a single piece of transparent material, while a compound lens consists of several simple lenses (elements), usually arranged along a common axis.

  8. Didymium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didymium

    Didymium glasses. Didymium (Greek: δίδυμο, twin) is a mixture of the elements praseodymium and neodymium.It is used in safety glasses for glassblowing and blacksmithing and filter lenses for flame testing, especially with a gas ()-powered forge [why?], where it provides a filter that selectively blocks the yellowish light at 589 nm emitted by the hot sodium in the glass without having a ...

  9. Sodium hypochlorite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_hypochlorite

    Sodium hypochlorite is an alkaline inorganic chemical compound with the formula Na O Cl (also written as NaClO). It is commonly known in a dilute aqueous solution as bleach or chlorine bleach. [4] It is the sodium salt of hypochlorous acid, consisting of sodium cations (Na +) and hypochlorite anions (− OCl, also written as OCl − and ClO −