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Prentice's rule, named so after the optician Charles F. Prentice, is a formula used to determine the amount of induced prism in a lens: = where: P is the amount of prism correction (in prism dioptres) c is decentration (the distance between the pupil centre and the lens's optical centre, in millimetres)
It deviates in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. In optics, Cauchy's transmission equation is an empirical relationship between the refractive index and wavelength of light for a particular transparent material. It is named for the mathematician Augustin-Louis Cauchy, who originally defined it in 1830 in his article "The refraction and ...
In quantum mechanics, perturbation theory is a set of approximation schemes directly related to mathematical perturbation for describing a complicated quantum system in terms of a simpler one. The idea is to start with a simple system for which a mathematical solution is known, and add an additional "perturbing" Hamiltonian representing a weak ...
The formula may appear simpler in terms of renamed simple values = / and =, avoiding any appearance of trig function names or angle names: v → r e f r a c t = r l → + ( r c − 1 − r 2 ( 1 − c 2 ) ) n → {\displaystyle {\vec {v}}_{\mathrm {refract} }=r{\vec {l}}+\left(rc-{\sqrt {1-r^{2}\left(1-c^{2}\right)}}\right){\vec {n}}}
Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz correction. Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz correction, also called the Ericson-Ericson Lorentz-Lorenz effect (EELL), refers to an analogy in the interface between nuclear, atomic and particle physics, which in its simplest form corresponds to the well known Lorentz-Lorenz equation (also referred to as the Clausius ...
v. t. e. In the general theory of relativity, the Einstein field equations ( EFE; also known as Einstein's equations) relate the geometry of spacetime to the distribution of matter within it. [1] The equations were published by Albert Einstein in 1915 in the form of a tensor equation [2] which related the local spacetime curvature (expressed by ...
Spherical aberration of collimated light incident on a concave spherical mirror. In optics, spherical aberration ( SA) is a type of aberration found in optical systems that have elements with spherical surfaces. This phenomenon commonly affects lenses and curved mirrors, as these components are often shaped in a spherical manner for ease of ...
Dispersion (optics) In a dispersive prism, material dispersion (a wavelength -dependent refractive index) causes different colors to refract at different angles, splitting white light into a spectrum. In optics and in wave propagation in general, dispersion is the phenomenon in which the phase velocity of a wave depends on its frequency; [1 ...
The effective mass of the spring in a spring-mass system when using a heavy spring (non-ideal) of uniform linear density is of the mass of the spring and is independent of the direction of the spring-mass system (i.e., horizontal, vertical, and oblique systems all have the same effective mass). This is because external acceleration does not ...
It can be modeled by a simple modification of the Richardson equation, by replacing W by (W − ΔW). This gives the equation [1] [2] J ( F , T , W ) = A G T 2 e − ( W − Δ W ) k T {\displaystyle J(F,T,W)=A_{\mathrm {G} }T^{2}e^{-(W-\Delta W) \over kT}}