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Byzantium. The color Byzantium is a particular dark tone of purple. It originates in modern times, and, despite its name, it should not be confused with Tyrian purple (hue rendering), the color historically used by Roman and Byzantine emperors. The latter, often also referred to as "Tyrian red", is more reddish in hue, and is in fact often ...
During the Palaiologan period, the insigne of the reigning dynasty, and the closest thing to a Byzantine "national flag", according to Soloviev, was the so-called "tetragrammatic cross", a gold or silver cross with four letters beta "Β" (often interpreted as firesteels) of the same color, one in each corner. [43][44]
Usage of the term "Greek fire" has been general in English and most other languages since the Crusades, but original Byzantine sources called the substance a variety of names, such as "sea fire" (Medieval Greek: πῦρ θαλάσσιον pŷr thalássion), "Roman fire" (πῦρ ῥωμαϊκόν pŷr rhōmaïkón), "war fire" (πολεμικὸν πῦρ polemikòn pŷr), "liquid fire ...
Byzantine mosaics. 10th century mosaic of Virgin and Child on a gold ground in the former cathedral Hagia Sophia in Istanbul, Turkey. Byzantine mosaics are mosaics produced from the 4th to 15th [1] centuries in and under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. Mosaics were some of the most popular [2] and historically significant art forms ...
The origins of Byzantium are shrouded in legend. Tradition says that Byzas of Megara (a city-state near Athens) founded the city when he sailed northeast across the Aegean Sea. The date is usually given as 667 BC on the authority of Herodotus, who states the city was founded 17 years after Chalcedon. Eusebius, who wrote almost 800 years later ...
Byzantine dress changed considerably over the thousand years of the Empire, [1] but was essentially conservative. Popularly, Byzantine dress remained attached to its classical Greek roots with most changes and different styles being evidenced in the upper strata of Byzantine society always with a touch of the Hellenic environment.
Christian cross variants. 7th-century Byzantine solidus, showing Leontius holding a globus cruciger, with a stepped cross on the obverse side. Double-barred cross symbol as used in a 9th-century Byzantine seal. Greek cross (Church of Saint Sava) and Latin cross (St. Paul's cathedral) in church floorplans. The Christian cross, with or without a ...
The Byzantines perfected a unique form of cloisonné icons. Byzantine enamel spread to surrounding cultures and a particular type, often known as "garnet cloisonné" is widely found in the Migration Period art of the "barbarian" peoples of Europe, who used gemstones, especially red garnets, as well as glass and enamel, with small thick-walled cloisons.