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Equipment used in Maddox rod testing. Top left (Maddox rod), top right (vertical base up and base down prisms), bottom left (pen torch) and bottom right (horizontal base out or in prisms) Maddox rod; Light source at near (33 cm) and at distance (6m) Base in, base out, base up, base down prisms; Trial frames
oculus sinister (left eye) LHyperT or LHT: Left hypertropia LHypoT: Left hypotropia LO: Lenticular opacity L/R FD: L/R fixation disparity L/R: L hyperphoria Left ET: Left esotropia LVA: Low vision aid MDU: Mallett distance unit MNU: Mallett near unit M.Wing: Maddox Wing: MR: Maddox rod NB: NAD: No abnormality detected (is frequently used but is ...
Fixation disparity is a tendency of the eyes to drift in the direction of the heterophoria.While the heterophoria refers to a fusion-free vergence state, the fixation disparity refers to a small misalignment of the visual axes when both eyes are open in an observer with normal fusion and binocular vision. [1]
Duane syndrome is a congenital rare type of strabismus most commonly characterized by the inability of the eye to move outward. The syndrome was first described by ophthalmologists Jakob Stilling (1887) and Siegmund Türk (1896), and subsequently named after Alexander Duane, who discussed the disorder in more detail in 1905.
The 2 red lights from the right eye are seen on the right side; The 3 green lights from the left eye are seen on the left side; This is recorded as: W4LT (D): 5 lights (Uncrossed Diplopia) ET NB: The clinician will be unable to indicate which eye is the deviating eye based on these results alone.
Neuro-ophthalmologic examination showing ophthalmoplegia affecting the left eye in a patient with Tolosa–Hunt syndrome.The central image represents forward gaze, and each image around it represents gaze in that direction (for example, in the upper left image, the patient looks up and right; the left eye is unable to accomplish this movement).
Fixation or visual fixation is the maintaining of the gaze on a single location. An animal can exhibit visual fixation if it possess a fovea in the anatomy of their eye. The fovea is typically located at the center of the retina and is the point of clearest vision. The species in which fixational eye movement has been verified thus far include ...
Strabismus surgery (also: extraocular muscle surgery, eye muscle surgery, or eye alignment surgery) is surgery on the extraocular muscles to correct strabismus, the misalignment of the eyes. [1] Strabismus surgery is a one-day procedure that is usually performed under general anesthesia most commonly by either a neuro- or pediatric ...