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Illustration of upper respiratory system. In anatomy, a nasal concha ( / ˈkɒnkə /; pl.: conchae; / ˈkɒnkiː /; Latin for 'shell'), also called a nasal turbinate or turbinal, [1] [2] is a long, narrow, curled shelf of bone that protrudes into the breathing passage of the nose in humans and various other animals.
A CT scan showing evidence of the nasal cycle: the more patent airway is on the right of the image, the swollen turbinates congesting the left. The nasal cycle is the unconscious [1] [2] alternating partial congestion and decongestion of the nasal cavities in humans and other animals.
The nasal cavity is divided in two by the vertical nasal septum. On the side of each nasal cavity are three horizontal outgrowths called nasal conchae (singular "concha") or turbinates. These turbinates disrupt the airflow, directing air toward the olfactory epithelium on the surface of the turbinates and the septum.
The inferior nasal concha (inferior turbinated bone or inferior turbinal/turbinate) is one of the three paired nasal conchae in the nose. It extends horizontally along the lateral wall of the nasal cavity and consists of a lamina of spongy bone , curled upon itself like a scroll, ( turbinate meaning inverted cone). [1]
The term concha refers to the actual bone; when covered by soft tissue and mucosa, and functioning, a concha is termed a turbinate. Excessive moisture as tears collected in the lacrimal sac travel down the nasolacrimal ducts where they drain into the inferior meatus in the nasal cavity.
The enlarged nasal cavity contains complex turbinates forming coiled scroll-like shapes that help to warm the air before it reaches the lungs. The cavity also extends into neighbouring skull bones, forming additional air cavities known as paranasal sinuses .
The nasal septum contains bone and hyaline cartilage. [3] It is normally about 2 mm thick. [4] The nasal septum is composed of four structures: Maxillary bone (the crest) Perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone. Septal nasal cartilage (ie, quandrangular cartilage) Vomer bone. The lowest part of the septum is a narrow strip of bone that projects ...
It is rough, and marked above by numerous grooves, directed nearly vertically downward from the cribriform plate; they lodge branches of the olfactory nerves, which are distributed to the mucous membrane covering the superior nasal concha. The middle turbinates insert anteriorly into the frontal process of the maxilla and posteriorly into the ...
Concha bullosa on both sides (marked with asterisks), coronal orientated image from CT. A concha bullosa is a pneumatized (air-filled) cavity within a nasal concha, also known as a turbinate. [1] Bullosa refers to the air-filled cavity within the turbinate. [1] It is a normal anatomic variant seen in up to half the population.
Superior to the superior nasal concha is the sphenoethmoidal recess where the sphenoid sinus communicates with the nasal cavity; the sphenoethmoidal recess is interposed between the superior nasal concha, and (the anterior aspect of) the body of sphenoid bone.: 692 The sphenoid sinus ostium exists medial to the superior turbinate.
