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According to CIPA guidelines, [2] 35 mm equivalent focal length is to be calculated like this: "Converted focal length into 35 mm camera" = (Diagonal distance of image area in the 35 mm camera (43.27 mm) / Diagonal distance of image area on the image sensor of the DSC) × focal length of the lens of the DSC.
An f-number is a measure of the light-gathering ability of an optical system such as a camera lens. It is calculated by dividing the system's focal length by the diameter of the entrance pupil ("clear aperture ").
The approximation holds when the numerical aperture is small, but it turns out that for well-corrected optical systems such as camera lenses, a more detailed analysis shows that N is almost exactly equal to 1/ (2NAi) even at large numerical apertures.
A camera's angle of view depends not only on the lens, but also on the sensor. Digital sensors are usually smaller than 35 mm film, and this causes the lens to have a narrower angle of view than with 35 mm film, by a constant factor for each sensor (called the crop factor ).
Lens speed is the maximum aperture diameter, or minimum f-number, of a photographic lens. A lens with a larger than average maximum aperture (that is, a smaller minimum f-number) is called a "fast lens" because it can achieve the same exposure as an average lens with a faster shutter speed.
Flange focal distance. Diagram illustrating the flange focal length of an SLR–type and a mirrorless–type camera. For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance ( FFD) (also known as the flange-to-film distance, flange focal depth, flange back distance ( FBD ), flange focal length ( FFL ), back focus [1] or register, depending ...
Hyperfocal distance. Minox LX camera with hyperfocal red dot. Nikon 28mm f/2.8 lens with markings for the depth of field. The lens is set at the hyperfocal distance for f/22. The orange mark corresponding to f/22 is at the infinity mark ( ∞ ). Focus is acceptable from under 0.7 m to infinity.
In digital photography, the crop factor, format factor, or focal length multiplier of an image sensor format is the ratio of the dimensions of a camera 's imaging area compared to a reference format; most often, this term is applied to digital cameras, relative to 35 mm film format as a reference.
A camera lens (also known as photographic lens or photographic objective) is an optical lens or assembly of lenses used in conjunction with a camera body and mechanism to make images of objects either on photographic film or on other media capable of storing an image chemically or electronically .
Different shutter speeds for a CPU fan. Shutter speeds from first to last: 2 s, 1 s, 110 s, 1100 s, 1200 s, 1500 s, 11000 s, 12000 s, 14000 s. The camera's shutter speed, the lens's aperture or f-stop, and the scene's luminance together determine the amount of light that reaches the film or sensor (the exposure ).