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The Geneva Conventions define the rights and protections afforded to non-combatants who fulfill the criteria of being protected persons. [3] The treaties of 1949 were ratified, in their entirety or with reservations, by 196 countries. [4] The Geneva Conventions concern only protected non-combatants in war.
The United Nations defines war crimes as described in Article 8 of the Rome statute, the treaty that established the International Criminal Court: Grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, namely, any of the following acts against persons or property protected under the provisions of the relevant Geneva Convention:
This article lists and summarizes the war crimes that have violated the laws and customs of war since the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907.. Since many war crimes are not prosecuted (due to lack of political will, lack of effective procedures, or other practical and political reasons), [better source needed] historians and lawyers will frequently make a serious case in order to prove that ...
In total there are 74 war crimes listed in article 8. The most serious crimes constitute either grave breaches of the Geneva Conventions of 1949, which only apply to international conflicts, and serious violations of article 3 common to the Geneva Conventions of 1949, which apply to non-international conflicts.: article 8(2)(c)
Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity: UN Secretary-General: signed, not ratified 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties: UN Secretary-General: signed, not ratified 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty: Bilateral US–Soviet treaty ratified 1972, withdrew 2002 1973
List of parties to the Geneva Conventions. Parties to GC I–IV and P I–III. Parties to GC I–IV and P I–II. Parties to GC I–IV and P I and III. Parties to GC I–IV and P I. Parties to GC I–IV and P III. Parties to GC I–IV and no P. The Geneva Conventions, which were most recently revised in 1949, consist of seven individual ...
1948 United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide; 1949 Geneva Convention I for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field; 1949 Geneva Convention II for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea
Under the 1949 Geneva Conventions, collective punishment is a war crime. By collective punishment, the drafters of the Geneva Conventions had in mind the reprisal killings of World War I and World War II. In the First World War, the Germans executed Belgian villagers in mass retribution for resistance activity during the Rape of Belgium. In ...