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v. t. e. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia ( ICTY) [a] was a body of the United Nations that was established to prosecute the war crimes that had been committed during the Yugoslav Wars and to try their perpetrators. The tribunal was an ad hoc court located in The Hague, Netherlands .
International criminal law. v. t. e. Human shields are legally protected persons —either protected civilians or prisoners of war —who are either coerced or volunteer to deter attacks by occupying the space between a belligerent and a legitimate military target. [1] The use of human shields is forbidden by Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.
The law of war is the component of international law that regulates the conditions for initiating war ( jus ad bellum) and the conduct of hostilities ( jus in bello ). Laws of war define sovereignty and nationhood, states and territories, occupation, and other critical terms of law.
In international humanitarian law and international criminal law, an indiscriminate attack is a military attack that fails to distinguish between legitimate military targets and protected persons. Indiscriminate attacks strike both legitimate military and protected objects alike, thus violating the principle of distinction between combatants ...
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court is the treaty that established the International Criminal Court (ICC). [5] It was adopted at a diplomatic conference in Rome, Italy on 17 July 1998 [6] [7] and it entered into force on 1 July 2002. [2] As of February 2024, 124 states are party to the statute. [8]
The statute defines torture as "intentional infliction of severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, upon a person in the custody or under the control of the accused; except that torture shall not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to, lawful sanctions".
The International Criminal Court, based on the Geneva Convention, defines murder, cruel or degrading treatment and torture as a war crime. The United Nations Special Rapporteur on torture said in September 2023 that Russia's use of torture "is not random, aberrant behavior," but "orchestrated as part of state policy to intimidate, instill fear ...
War is an intense armed conflict [a] between states, governments, societies, or paramilitary groups such as mercenaries, insurgents, and militias. [2] It is generally characterized by extreme violence, destruction, and mortality, using regular or irregular military forces.