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  2. Polarizer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizer

    The Sénarmont prism is air spaced, unlike the Wollaston and Rochon prisms. These prisms truly split the beam into two fully polarized beams with perpendicular polarizations. The Nomarski prism is a variant of the Wollaston prism, which is widely used in differential interference contrast microscopy. Thin film polarizers

  3. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

    The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]

  4. Beam splitter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beam_splitter

    A beam splitter or beamsplitter is an optical device that splits a beam of light into a transmitted and a reflected beam. It is a crucial part of many optical experimental and measurement systems, such as interferometers, also finding widespread application in fibre optic telecommunications .

  5. Double-slit experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-slit_experiment

    Light from a green laser passing through two slits 0.4mm wide and 0.1mm apart. In modern physics, the double-slit experiment demonstrates that light and matter can satisfy the seemingly incongruous classical definitions for both waves and particles. This ambiguity is considered evidence for the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum ...

  6. Prism (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(geometry)

    Its prism has 2n vertices, 3n edges, and 2 + n faces. Take a polyhedron with V vertices, E edges, and F faces. Its prism has 2V vertices, 2E + V edges, 2F + E faces, and 2 + F cells. Take a polychoron with V vertices, E edges, F faces, and C cells. Its prism has 2V vertices, 2E + V edges, 2F + E faces, 2C + F cells, and 2 + C hypercells ...

  7. Dispersive prism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersive_prism

    Dispersive prism. Photograph of a triangular prism, dispersing light. Lamps as seen through a prism. In optics, a dispersive prism is an optical prism that is used to disperse light, that is, to separate light into its spectral components (the colors of the rainbow ). Different wavelengths (colors) of light will be deflected by the prism at ...

  8. Prism (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)

    Prism (optics) An optical prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that are designed to refract light. At least one surface must be angled — elements with two parallel surfaces are not prisms. The most familiar type of optical prism is the triangular prism, which has a triangular base and rectangular sides.

  9. Chromatic aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration

    In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [1] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of most transparent materials decreases with increasing ...

  10. Fresnel rhomb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fresnel_rhomb

    A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is linearly polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, the emerging beam is circularly polarized , and vice versa.

  11. Halo (optical phenomenon) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo_(optical_phenomenon)

    Halo (optical phenomenon) A halo (from Ancient Greek ἅλως (hálōs) 'threshing floor, disk') [1] is an optical phenomenon produced by light (typically from the Sun or Moon) interacting with ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere. Halos can have many forms, ranging from colored or white rings to arcs and spots in the sky.