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Hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic operations, though patient satisfaction varies widely. Approximately 58% of total hip replacements are estimated to last 25 years. The average cost of a total hip replacement in 2012 was $40,364 in the United States, and about $7,700 to $12,000 in most European countries.
Recent research demonstrates that articular cartilage may be able to be repaired via the percutaneous introduction of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC's). Stem cells, as a concept, originated as a theory in the 19th century to potentially allow certain tissues to self-renew. There are five types of stem cells, and MSC's are multi-potent, meaning ...
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. As of 2016, the only established therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. This usually takes the form of a bone marrow transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
An advantage to this approach is that a person's own stem cells are used, avoiding transmission of genetic diseases. It is also minimally invasive, minimally painful and has a very short recovery period. This alternative to the current available treatments was shown not to cause cancer in patients who were followed for 3 years after the procedure.
Mesenchymal stem cells have the ability to stimulate neuroregeneration by differentiating into neural stem cells in response to inflammation. The neural stem cells can then promote the repair of damaged axons and create replacement cells for the damaged tissue.
Microfracture surgery. Left knee-joint from behind, showing interior ligaments. ( Lateral meniscus and medial meniscus are cartilage.) Microfracture surgery is an articular cartilage repair surgical technique that works by creating tiny fractures in the underlying bone. This causes new cartilage to develop from a so-called super-clot.
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