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  2. Prism correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_correction

    Eye care professionals use prism correction as a component of some eyeglass prescriptions. A lens which includes some amount of prism correction will displace the viewed image horizontally, vertically, or a combination of both directions. The most common application for this is the treatment of strabismus.

  3. Prism cover test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_Cover_Test

    This video demonstrates what is involved when performing a prism cover test. Purpose. measuring strabismus. The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the ...

  4. Distortion (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distortion_(optics)

    OpenCV is an open-source BSD-licensed library for computer vision (multi-language, multi-OS). It features a module for camera calibration. DxO's PhotoLab software can correct complex distortion, and takes into account the focus distance. proDAD Defishr includes an Unwarp-tool and a Calibrator-tool. Due to the distortion of a checkerboard ...

  5. Chromatic aberration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromatic_aberration

    In optics, chromatic aberration ( CA ), also called chromatic distortion and spherochromatism, is a failure of a lens to focus all colors to the same point. [1] It is caused by dispersion: the refractive index of the lens elements varies with the wavelength of light. The refractive index of most transparent materials decreases with increasing ...

  6. Corrective lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens

    Corrective lens. A pair of contact lenses, positioned with the concave side facing upward. A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia.

  7. Single-lens reflex camera - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera

    A single-lens reflex camera (SLR) is a camera that typically uses a mirror and prism system (hence "reflex" from the mirror's reflection) that permits the photographer to view through the lens and see exactly what will be captured.

  8. History of photographic lens design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_photographic...

    The first widely-available fisheye lens for 35mm cameras was the Fisheye-Nikkor 8 mm f /8 from Nikon, released in 1962, which produced circular images similar to those popularized by the LIFE photographers; that lens served as the "eye" of the HAL 9000 computer from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, although scenes depicting HAL's point of view ...

  9. Ray tracing (graphics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_tracing_(graphics)

    The idea behind ray casting, the predecessor to recursive ray tracing, is to trace rays from the eye, one per pixel, and find the closest object blocking the path of that ray. Think of an image as a screen-door, with each square in the screen being a pixel. This is then the object the eye sees through that pixel.

  10. History of optics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_optics

    History of optics. Modern ophthalmic lens making machine. Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term ...

  11. Lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens

    This is the principle of the camera, and also of the human eye, in which the retina serves as the image sensor. The focusing adjustment of a camera adjusts S 2, as using an image distance different from that required by this formula produces a defocused (fuzzy) image for an object at a distance of S 1 from the camera.