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A Fresnel lens (/ ˈ f r eɪ n ɛ l,-n əl / FRAY-nel, -nəl; / ˈ f r ɛ n ɛ l,-əl / FREN-el, -əl; or / f r eɪ ˈ n ɛ l / fray-NEL) is a type of composite compact lens which reduces the amount of material required compared to a conventional lens by dividing the lens into a set of concentric annular sections.
The Fresnel equations (or Fresnel coefficients) describe the reflection and transmission of light (or electromagnetic radiation in general) when incident on an interface between different optical media.
A Fresnel rhomb is an optical prism that introduces a 90° phase difference between two perpendicular components of polarization, by means of two total internal reflections. If the incident beam is linearly polarized at 45° to the plane of incidence and reflection, the emerging beam is circularly polarized , and vice versa.
Ray transfer matrix analysis (also known as ABCD matrix analysis) is a mathematical form for performing ray tracing calculations in sufficiently simple problems which can be solved considering only paraxial rays. Each optical element (surface, interface, mirror, or beam travel) is described by a 2×2 ray transfer matrix which operates on a ...
Fresnel's theory of an (almost) stationary aether predicts positive results by experiments which are sensitive enough to detect second order effects.
In optics, in particular scalar diffraction theory, the Fresnel number (F), named after the physicist Augustin-Jean Fresnel, is a dimensionless number relating to the pattern a beam of light forms on a surface when projected through an aperture.
Augustin-Jean Fresnel (10 May 1788 – 14 July 1827) was a French civil engineer and physicist whose research in optics led to the almost unanimous acceptance of the wave theory of light, excluding any remnant of Newton's corpuscular theory, from the late 1830s until the end of the 19th century.
FreeSnell is a stand-alone computer program that implements the transfer-matrix method, including more advanced aspects such as granular films. Thinfilm is a web interface that implements the transfer-matrix method, outputting reflection and transmission coefficients, and also ellipsometric parameters Psi and Delta.
Prism rotators use multiple internal reflections to produce beams with rotated polarization. Because they are based on total internal reflection, they are broadband—they work over a broad range of wavelengths. Double Fresnel rhomb A double Fresnel rhomb rotates the linear polarization axis by 90° using four internal reflections. A ...
Catadioptric combinations have been used for many early optical systems. In the 1820s, Augustin-Jean Fresnel developed several catadioptric lighthouse reflector versions of his Fresnel lens. Léon Foucault developed a catadioptric microscope in 1859 to counteract aberrations of using a lens to image objects at high power.