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Cranial nerve disease, [3] convergence insufficiency. Treatment. Glasses, surgery [3] Frequency. ~2% (children) [3] Strabismus is a vision disorder in which the eyes do not properly align with each other when looking at an object. [2] The eye that is pointed at an object can alternate. [3]
The prism cover test ( PCT) is an objective measurement and the gold standard in measuring strabismus, i.e. ocular misalignment, or a deviation of the eye. [1] It is used by ophthalmologists and orthoptists in order to measure the vertical and horizontal deviation and includes both manifest and latent components. [1]
Today, the injection of botulinum toxin into the muscles that surround the eyes is one of the available options in the management of strabismus. Other options for strabismus management are vision therapy and occlusion therapy, corrective glasses (or contact lenses) and prism glasses, and strabismus surgery.
Treatment of the double vision depends on both the type of double vision and the ability of two eyes to work together, also called binocular function. [12] Diplopia with normal binocular function is treated with prism glasses, botulinum injections into the muscles, or repeated surgery. [12]
Only about 20% of children with hyperopia greater than +3.5 diopters develop strabismus. [5] Where the esotropia is solely a consequence of uncorrected hyperopic refractive error, providing the child with the correct glasses and ensuring that these are worn all the time, is often enough to control the deviation.
Bagolini striated glasses test, or BSGT, is a subjective clinical test to detect the presence or extent of binocular functions and is generally performed by an optometrist or orthoptist or ophthalmologist (medical/surgical eye doctor). It is mainly used in strabismus clinics.
Although glasses and/or patching therapy, exercises, or prisms may reduce or help control the outward-turning eye in some children, surgery is often required. A common form of exotropia is known as " convergence insufficiency " that responds well to orthoptic vision therapy including exercises.
Prism lenses set to make minor optical changes in the vertical alignment may be prescribed instead of or after surgery to fine-tune the correction. Prism lenses do not address torsional misalignment and this may limit their use in certain cases.
In general, strabismus can be approached and treated with a variety of procedures. Depending on the individual case, treatment options include: Correction of refractive errors by glasses; Prism therapy (if tolerated, to manage diplopia) Vision Therapy; Patching (mainly to manage amblyopia in children and diplopia in adults) Botulinum toxin ...
The American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus ( AAPOS) is an academic association of pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus surgeons. The pediatric ophthalmology fellowships in the United States are accredited by the AAPOS. International members are also allowed based on evident valuable contributions and dedication to ...