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Sonophoresis also known as phonophoresis, is a method that utilizes ultrasound to enhance the delivery of topical medications through the stratum corneum, to the epidermis and dermis. Sonophoresis allows for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis , to deliver drugs with lesser side ...
Phonophoresis, also known as sonophoresis, is the method of using ultrasound waves to increase skin permeability in order to improve the effectiveness of transdermal drug delivery. This method intersects drug delivery and ultrasound therapy .
Iontophoresis is a process of transdermal drug delivery by use of a voltage gradient on the skin. [1] [2] Molecules are transported across the stratum corneum by electrophoresis and electroosmosis and the electric field can also increase the permeability of the skin. [3] [4] These phenomena, directly and indirectly, constitute active transport ...
Scrubber systems (e.g. chemical scrubbers, gas scrubbers) are a diverse group of air pollution control devices that can be used to remove some particulates and/or gases from industrial exhaust streams. An early application of a carbon dioxide scrubber was in the submarine the Ictíneo I, in 1859; a role for which they continue to be used today.
Bessel functions describe the radial part of vibrations of a circular membrane. Bessel functions, first defined by the mathematician Daniel Bernoulli and then generalized by Friedrich Bessel, are canonical solutions y(x) of Bessel's differential equation
Definition and uses. A Green's function, G(x,s), of a linear differential operator L = L(x) acting on distributions over a subset of the Euclidean space , at a point s, is any solution of. (1) where δ is the Dirac delta function. This property of a Green's function can be exploited to solve differential equations of the form.
Schrödinger's equation inscribed on the gravestone of Annemarie and Erwin Schrödinger. ( Newton's dot notation for the time derivative is used.) The Schrödinger equation is a linear partial differential equation that governs the wave function of a quantum-mechanical system.
The function is bijective ( one-to-one and onto, one-to-one correspondence, or invertible) if each element of the codomain is mapped to by exactly one element of the domain. That is, the function is both injective and surjective. A bijective function is also called a bijection.
It depends strongly on temperature as well as the medium through which a sound wave is propagating. At 0 °C (32 °F), the speed of sound in air is about 331 m/s (1,086 ft/s; 1,192 km/h; 740 mph; 643 kn). [1] More simply, the speed of sound is how fast vibrations travel.
Photosynthesis ( / ˌfoʊtəˈsɪnθəsɪs / FOH-tə-SINTH-ə-sis) [1] is a system of biological processes by which photosynthetic organisms, such as most plants, algae, and cyanobacteria, convert light energy, typically from sunlight, into the chemical energy necessary to fuel their activities.