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2. Hip replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hip_replacement

   The analysis of 402,051 hip replacements showed that 6.2% of metal-on-metal hip implants had failed within five years, compared to 1.7% of metal-on-plastic and 2.3% of ceramic-on-ceramic hip implants. Each 1 mm (0.039 in) increase in head size of metal-on-metal hip implants was associated with a 2% increase in failure rate.

3. Titanium biocompatibility - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_biocompatibility

   Titanium dental implants. Titanium was first introduced into surgeries in the 1950s after having been used in dentistry for a decade prior. It is now the metal of choice for prosthetics, internal fixation, inner body devices, and instrumentation. Titanium is used from head to toe in biomedical implants.

4. Osseointegration - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osseointegration

   For osseointegrated dental implants, metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials have been used, in particular titanium. To be termed osseointegration the connection between the bone and the implant need not be 100%, and the essence of osseointegration derives more from the stability of the fixation than the degree of contact in histologic terms.

5. Dental implant - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_implant

   A dental implant (also known as an endosseous implant or fixture) is a prosthesis that interfaces with the bone of the jaw or skull to support a dental prosthesis such as a crown, bridge, denture, or facial prosthesis or to act as an orthodontic anchor. The basis for modern dental implants is a biological process called osseointegration, in ...

6. Bioceramic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioceramic

   A titanium hip prosthesis, with a ceramic head and polyethylene acetabular cup. Ceramics are now commonly used in the medical fields as dental and bone implants. Surgical cermets are used regularly. Joint replacements are commonly coated with bioceramic materials to reduce wear and inflammatory response.

7. Joint replacement - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_replacement

   Some ceramic materials commonly used in joint replacement are alumina (Al 2 O 3), zirconia (ZrO 2), silica (SiO 2), hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4) 6 (OH) 2), titanium nitride (TiN), silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4). A combination of titanium and titanium carbide is a very hard ceramic material often used in components of arthroplasties due to the ...